8th Grade Science Test 12 (Final exam)

Question 1

What process breaks rocks down into soil?

Answer 1

weathering

Question 2

What is a theory that has never been proven false?

Answer 2

law

Question 3

The amount of matter in an object

Answer 3

mass

Question 4

What branch of science is the study of the earth?

Answer 4

geology

Question 5

What type of mountain was formed when rocks on one side of a fault were forced upward while there socks on the other side were forced downward?

Answer 5

fault-block

Question 6

What type of lava rock is rough and jagged with a crumbly or “blocky” texture?

Answer 6

aa lava

Question 7

The theory that the earth’s crust and upper mantle consist of huge plates slowly drifting as a result of convection currents in the mantle

Answer 7

plate tectonics theory

Question 8

What type of volcano consists primarily of erupted volcanic ash and rock fragments held together loosely?

Answer 8

cinder-cone

Question 9

What is the general term for crystalline substances found naturally in the eartH?

Answer 9

minerals

Question 10

The resistance of a smooth surface of a mineral to being scratched

Answer 10

hardness

Question 11

Steel is an alloy of

Answer 11

iron and copper

Question 12

What is the red variety of corundum?

Answer 12

ruby

Question 13

What is the largest group of minerals?

Answer 13

silicates

Question 14

What is a low hill formed when a glacier overruns a moraine?

Answer 14

drumlin

Question 15

any harmful substance released into the soil, air, or water

Answer 15

pollution

Question 16

the falling of acidic precipitation onto the planet

Answer 16

acid deposition

Question 17

term meaning “caused by humans”

Answer 17

anthropogenic

Question 18

method of producing electricity that uses lenses or mirrors to focus the sun’s rays into a small beam that heats a fluid

Answer 18

concentrating solar energy

Question 19

cold period that lasted from the 1300s to around 1850

Answer 19

Little Ice Age

Question 20

system that removed certain gases and particles from industrial exhaust

Answer 20

scrubber

Question 21

synthetic gas used for fuel

Answer 21

syngas

Question 22

branch of science that studies the interactions of the physical world

Answer 22

environmental science

Question 23

processes that recycle minerals and other nutrients in the environment

Answer 23

biogeochemical (or nutrient) cycles

Question 24

a fan-shaped deposit of sediments at the mouth of a river

Answer 24

delta

Question 25

weathering that involves the breaking or peeling away of rock into layers

Answer 25

exfoliation

Question 26

regions of the earth's surface where limestone is exposed and abundant

Answer 26

karst

Question 27

the idea that attempts to reconcile the Bible and evolution

Answer 27

theistic evolution

Question 28

false belief that says that all geological processes have always proceeded at the same rate

Answer 28

uniformitarianism

Question 29

the deep-sea-fish living fossil once thought to be the ancestor of the first amphibians

Answer 29

coelacanth

Question 30

What term refers to the sudden appearance of life in the fossil record?

Answer 30

Cambrian explosion

Question 31

The hypothetical time scale that supposedly charts both the earth's history and the sequence of the rock layers in the earth's crust

Answer 31

geologic column

Question 32

What are movements of ocean water caused primarily by the moon?

Answer 32

tides

Question 33

What type of bottle is used to collect water samples from the ocean depths?

Answer 33

Nissan bottles

Question 34

What is a sandy, gently sloping underwater plain near a continent?

Answer 34

continental shelf

Question 35

things that affect insolation

Answer 35

angle of sun's rays cloud cover length of daytime

Question 36

What is the atmosphere's "weather layer"?

Answer 36

troposphere

Question 37

What is the general term for a naturally occurring material that mankind can use?

Answer 37

natural resource

Question 38

What branch of science develops new methods of conservation through the application of environmental science?

Answer 38

environmental technology

Question 39

What is the process of quickly and safely returning wastewater to the environment?

Answer 39

water reclamation

Question 40

What are devices, made from semiconducting materials, that convert sunlight directly into electricity?

Answer 40

photovoltaic cells

Question 41

Name the process in which an atom of an element with a large nucleus breaks into two atoms of elements with smaller nuclei, releasing an enormous amount of energy.

Answer 41

nuclear fission

Question 42

What is the most widely used form of renewable energy?

Answer 42

hydroelectric power

Question 43

What term refers to a situation in which cool air at the earth's surface is overlaid by warm air?

Answer 43

temperature inversion

Question 44

What is a place where garbage is collected, stores, and covered?

Answer 44

landfill

Question 45

What is the continued process of atoms splitting and releasing neutrons that trigger more atoms to split?

Answer 45

nuclear chain reaction

Question 46

What type of wind reverses its direction from season to season?

Answer 46

monsoon

Question 47

Heat transfer by air movement

Answer 47

convection

Question 48

What is the change in the direction of winds caused by EArth's rotation?

Answer 48

Coriolis effect

Question 49

The boundary formed when a warm air mass moves into the territory of a cold air mass

Answer 49

warm front

Question 50

Which type of clouds are thunderstorm clouds?

Answer 50

cumulonimbus

Question 51

What term describes air with a relative humidity of 100%?

Answer 51

saturated

Question 52

What type of tropical cyclone has wind speeds of 74 miles per hour or more?

Answer 52

hurricane

Question 53

What device measures relative humidity?

Answer 53

hygrometer

Question 54

A device that measure wind speed

Answer 54

anemometer

Question 55

What is a localized storm with lightning, thunder, strong winds, and heavy rain?

Answer 55

thunderstorm

Question 56

What is an abrupt discharge of electricity through the ari?

Answer 56

lightning

Question 57

A Hertzsprung-Russell diagram is a two-dimensional graph that compares stars by their brightness and

Answer 57

temperature

Question 58

The unit of measurement approximately equal to the distance between the sun and the earth

Answer 58

astronomical unit

Question 59

the point on the earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus

Answer 59

epicenter

Question 60

the study of the earth's oceans

Answer 60

oceanography

Question 61

a narrow funnel of powerful, rapidly whirling wind that stretches from a cloud to the ground

Answer 61

tornado

Question 62

a planet's farthest distance from the sun

Answer 62

aphelion

Question 63

the idea that the planets, including Earth, orbit the sun is the ___ view of the solar system

Answer 63

heliocentric

Question 64

a telescope that uses a series of lenses to produce an image

Answer 64

refracting telescope

Question 65

a person who believes that humans are merely passing through the earth and have no claim to anything on it is a

Answer 65

preservationist

Question 66

a pollutant that comes directly from a pollution source

Answer 66

primary pollutant

Question 67

using the solar energy that naturally falls on a building to heat it directly is

Answer 67

passive solar energy

Question 68

living things that influence an environment

Answer 68

biotic factors

Question 69

be able to identify ursa major

Answer 69

:)

Question 70

Which scientific law states the planets' orbits are ellipses?

Answer 70

first law of planetary motion

Question 71

What is the largest planet in our solar system?

Answer 71

jupiter

Question 72

Which constellation includes the star Regulus?

Answer 72

Leo

Question 73

The equation of time is the relationship between apparent solar time and

Answer 73

mean solar time

Question 74

In what type of orbit does a satellite stay above the same point on the earth's surface?

Answer 74

geostationary orbit

Question 75

What are the two points on the ecliptic at which the sun is farthest from the celestial equator?

Answer 75

solstices

Question 76

Who was the first person to travel in space?

Answer 76

Yuri Gagarin

Question 77

The hypothesis that long-living halogen compounds can cause ozone depletion is the

Answer 77

Rowland-Molina Hypothesis

Question 78

Ozone levels are measured in ___ units

Answer 78

Dobson

Question 79

What greenhouse gas is claimed to b the main cause of anthropogenic global warming?

Answer 79

carbon dioxide

Question 80

What is the most dangerous aspect of modern environmentalism?

Answer 80

promoting a reverence for creation that should be reserved for God alone

Question 81

The agreement that called for the reduction and eventual elimination of CFCs was the

Answer 81

Montreal Protocol

Question 82

A thick, brownish haze that results from complex molecules released into the air by vehicles and some factories and plants

Answer 82

photochemical smog

Question 83

The study of God's creation beyond the atmosphere

Answer 83

astronomy

Question 84

a pollutant that comes from multiple sources

Answer 84

non-point-source pollutant

Question 85

the bacteria that live in the intestines of humans and animals and are used to determine if pathogens are present in the water

Answer 85

coliform bacteria

Question 86

Natural resources that regenerate slowly, if at all

Answer 86

nonrenewable resources

Question 87

a device that generates electricity by wind-caused motion

Answer 87

wind turbine or aerogenerator

Question 88

the purified form of limestone that is used to correct overly acidic soil and can be used to restore acidic lakes and streams quickly

Answer 88

agricultural lime

Question 89

the general term for energy generated by natural sources and naturally replenished

Answer 89

renewable energy

Question 90

a device that safely starts and controls a fission chain reaction

Answer 90

nuclear reactor