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Earth and Space 101 > 8th Grade Science Test 11 > Flashcards

8th Grade Science Test 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

In which climate zone does every location have at least one day a year when the sun is directly overhead?

A

Tropics

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2
Q

Which method of measuring time uses time zones?

A

standard solar time

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3
Q

What type of time is based on the stars?

A

sidereal time

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4
Q

The point on the celestial sphere directly above an observer

A

zenith

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5
Q

the first artificial satellite of Earth

A

Sputnik 1

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6
Q

the first satellite launched by the United States

A

Explorer 1

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7
Q

circle on the celestial sphere that runs directly overhead and through the celestial poles

A

meridian

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8
Q

the pan the sun follows in a year

A

ecliptic

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9
Q

a device that splits light into a spectrum for analysis

A

spectroscope

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10
Q

What system of timekeeping divides the day into hours A.M. and P.M.?

A

12-hour time

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11
Q

The equation of time is the relationship between solar time and

A

apparent solar time

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12
Q

What term refers to an unmanned spacecraft launched specifically to explore the unknown?

A

space probe

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13
Q

What are the two points on the path of the sun at which the sun is farthest from the celestial equator?

A

solstices

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14
Q

In what type of orbit does a satellite stay above the same point on the Earth’s surface?

A

geostationary (orbit)

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15
Q

Which calendar system is now used in most nations?

A

Gregorian calendar

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16
Q

What term refers to the earth’s slow “wobble” on its axis that causes the pole star to change?

A

precession (of the equinoxes)

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17
Q

What visible-light telescope was launched into space in 1990?

A

Hubble Space Telescope

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18
Q

What unit of time is based on the period Earth takes to orbit the sun one?

A

solar year

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19
Q

used to study the heavens

A

astronomical

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20
Q

perform a variety of functions, such as making maps, forecasting crop production, spotting forest fires, and surveying cities

A

Earth observation

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21
Q

relay telephone conversations an radio and television broadcasts

A

communications

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22
Q

include the satellites of the Global Positioning System

A

navigational

23
Q

a telescope that uses a mirror as the objective

A

reflecting telescope

24
Q

the abbreviation that stands for after death

A

anno Domini

25
Q

the technique in which computer-controlled mirrors constantly flex and bend to correct for atmospheric distortion

A

adaptive optics

26
Q

When white light shines through a gas and then passes through a prism, the broad spectrum of color will show narrow, dark lines called

A

absorption lines

27
Q

the mean solar time at Earth’s prime meridian

A

UTC (or coordinated universal time)

28
Q

a circumpolar star that crosses the meridian between the visible celestial pole and the horizon is making an ___ transit

A

lower

29
Q

In which type of orbit does a satellite cross the equator at the same local mean solar time on every orbit?

A

sun-synchronous orbit

30
Q

Which type of orbit would a spacecraft use to increase its altitude?

A

Hohmann transfer orbit

31
Q

From which calendar do the English month names come?

A

Julian

32
Q

What was the first space station designed so that it could be expanded?

A

Mir

33
Q

What astronomical event marks the beginning of winter in the Northern Hemisphere?

A

December solstice

34
Q

What United States’ space program landed a man on the moon?

A

Apollo

35
Q

At an altitude of 500 miles above the earth, a satellite with a speed of 16,700 mph will have a circular orbit. Which of the following describes the orbit of a satellite at an altitude of 500 miles and a speed of 17,100 mph?

A

The satellite will have an elliptical orbit with the lowest point at 500 miles and the highest point above 500 miles.

36
Q

What rocket design did the United States use to launch manned moon missions?

A

Saturn V

37
Q

What term refers to the highest point of the orbit of an earth-orbiting satellite?

A

apogee

38
Q

What part of a telescope collects the light?

A

objective

39
Q

The term that refers to the speed of a spacecraft must be traveling at to leave Earth’s gravity without using its rockets anymore

A

escape velocity

40
Q

The unite of time, larger than a day, that is not based on the motion of a heavenly body

A

week

41
Q

the first type of spacecraft designed to be reused

A

space shuttle

42
Q

a rocket that can be stored for years with the fuel loaded

A

solid-fuel rocket

43
Q

scientists can use multiple radio telescopes to produce images more detailed than possible with a single radio telescope by using the technique called

A

interferometry

44
Q

the two points at which the path of the sun crosses the celestial equator

A

equinoxes

45
Q

the two basic kinds of optical telescopes

A

refracting telescope

reflecting telescope

46
Q

first American in space

A

Alan Shepard

47
Q

first woman in space

A

Valentine Tereshkova

48
Q

Father of Modern Rocketry

A

Robert Goddard

49
Q

first man in space

A

Yuri Gagarin

50
Q

first American to orbit the earth

A

John Glenn

51
Q

German-born engineer who became the United States’ top rocket designer

A

Wernher von BraunJohn Gl

52
Q

first man to set foot on the moon

A

Neil Armstrong

53
Q

explain why the Julian and Gregorian calendars have leap years and contrast how these calendars determine which years are leap years.

A

Leap years are needed because there is not a whole number of days in a solar year.
In the Julian calendar, every fourth is a leap year.
The Gregorian calendar’s major difference from the Julian calendar is the elimination of leap years for all century years except those evenly divisible by 400.

Earth and Space 101 (12 decks)

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