8c. Vocabulary Basics: Common Latin Roots and Prefixes Flashcards
1
Q
a-
A
on
2
Q
ab-
A
from, away, off
abduct - carry away from
abnormal - away from normal
aside - on the side
3
Q
a-
A
4
Q
act
A
do
interaction - commucation between two or more things
5
Q
act-
A
do
activity - something that a person does
6
Q
agr-
A
farming
agriculture - management of the land
7
Q
alg-
A
pain
neuralgia - pain caused by a nerve
nostalgia - aching for the familiar
analgesic - drug that relieves pain
8
Q
ambi-, amphi
A
both, on both sides
ambiguous - having more than one meaning
ambivalence - conflicting or opposite feelings toward a person or thing
9
Q
ambu-
A
walk, move
ambulance - a vehicle for moving patients
ambulant - walking or moving around
10
Q
bene-
A
good, well
beneficial - producing a good effect
benevolent - showing kindness or goodwill
11
Q
bi-
A
two, twice, once every two
biannual - happening every 2 years
bilateral - of or involving 2 sides
12
Q
burs
A
pouch, purse
disburse - to get out of the “purse”, to pay out
13
Q
burs-
A
pouch, purse
bursar - an administrative officer in charge of funds
14
Q
calc-
A
stone
calcification - the hardening of tissue or other material into something stone-like
15
Q
cand
A
glowing
incandescent - white, glowing, luminous
16
Q
cand-
A
glowing
candid - truthful, frank
candle - something that gives light
17
Q
capt-
A
take, hold
captivate - to attract, hold one’s interest or attention, charm
18
Q
carn-
A
flesh, meat
carnivorous - meat eater
carnal - pertaining to the body or flesh
19
Q
cede, ceed, cess
A
go, yield
exceed - to go beyond the limits
recede - to go back to previous location
20
Q
celer
A
fast
accelerate - to increase the speed of
21
Q
cent-
A
hundred, hundredth
centennial - the 100th anniversary
centimeter - 1/100th of a meter
22
Q
cept, ceive
A
take, hold
intercept - to stop or prevent from continuing to its destination
perceive - to become aware of conscious of something
23
Q
cerebr-
A
brain
cerebral - pertaining to the brain, intellectual rather than emotional or physical
24
Q
cert
A
sure
ascertain - to find out something for sure
25
cide, cise
cut, kill
homicide - murder
incisor - a sharp tooth for cutting food
26
circum-, circle-
around, about
circumnavigate - to sail around
circumspect - wary and unwilling to (go around and) take risks
27
claim, clam
shout, speak out
exclaim - to cry out loudly
proclaim - to announce something in public
28
claim-, clam-
shout, speak out
clamour - to shout and make noise
29
-clar
clear
declare - to state something clearly
30
clar-
clear
clarify - to make clear
31
clud, clus
close
conclusion - the end or last part
exclusion - shutting out
32
cline
lean
recline - to lean back and relax
33
co-
with, together, join
coauthor - a writer who collaborates with another author
coeducation - educating males and females together
34
col-
together, joinly
collaborate - top work together
collision - smashing together
35
com-
together, common
commemorate - to recall and show respect together
commune - a group of people living together and sharing property
36
cogn
know
incognito - having one's identity concealed
recognize - to identify based on prior association or experience
37
cogn-
know
cognition - the mental process of acquiring knoweldge or understanding
38
con-
with, jointly
concur - to agree with someone
contemporary - living or occuring at the same time
39
contra-, contro-
against, opposite
contradict - to assert the opposite
40
corp-
body
corporation - a company lawfully recognized as a single body
corporeal - bodily
41
dent-, dont-
tooth
dental - pertaining to the teeth
dentist - doctor for the teeth
42
di-
apart, away, not, to the opposite
digression - departure from the main issue
disappear - to move out of sight
43
dict
speak
contradict - to assert the opposite
44
dict-
speak
dictate - to read or speak out loud so somebody can write it down, to prescribe
45
domin
master
predominate - to be the strongest or the main part
46
domin-
master
dominate - to exercise power over
47
don
give
pardon - to give forgiveness
48
don-
give
donation - a contribution or a gift
donor - someone who gives
49
duc
lead
conduct - to lead direct a performance
educate - to lead to knowledge
50
du-
two, twice
duplicate - make an idnetical copy
duo - a pair normally thought of as being together
51
dur
enduring
endure - to last
52
dur-
harden, to last, lasting
durable - having the quality of lasting
53
e-
out, away
eloquent o speaking beautifully
eject - throw out forcefully
54
ego-
self
egoistic - self-centered
55
enn, anni
years
bicentennial - of or relating to a period of 200 years
perennial - lasting through the years
56
en-, in-
inside, inward
envision - to picture in the mind
enclose - lock inside
57
equ-, equi-
equal, equally
equidistant - equal distance betwen two points
equation - a statement that the values of two mathematical expressions are equal
58
-esth, aesth
feeling, sensation, beauty
kinesthesia - the sensation of bodily movement
59
esth-, aesth-
feeling, sensation, beauty
esthetician - someone who beautifies
aesthetic - pertaining to a sense of beauty
60
ex-
from, out
excavate - to dig out
exhale - to breath out
61
extra-, extro-
outside, beyond
extraordinary - beyond ordinary
extrovert - an outgoing person
62
fac, fact
make, do
artifact - object made by a person
malefactor - a person who does wrong
63
fer
bear, bring, carry
confer - to bring honor to someone
transfer - to move to another place
64
fer-
bear, bring, carry
ferry - a boat that carries passengers
65
fid
faith
confide - place trust in someone
66
fid-
faith
fiduciary - a trustee
fidelity - faithfulness
67
flect
bend
deflect - to bend course becaue of hittiong something
inflection - a bendiong in the voice's tone or pitch
68
flor- flora-, fleur-
flower
florist - someone who works wioth flowers
floral - flowerlike
69
form
shape
conform - to behave according to socially acceptable conventions or standards
reformatory - intended for reformation
70
form-
shape
formation the shaping of something
71
fract-, frag-
break
fragile - easy to break
fracture - a break
72
fug
flee, run away, escape
refuge - a sheltered place to flee to
refugee - a person who is seeking refuge
73
fug-
fle, run away, escape
fugitive - a person who is running away
74
funct-
perform, work
function - to work normally
75
fus
pour
confusion - being flooded with too much information that is hard to make sense of
infuse - to put into
76
fus-
pour
fuse - to melt by heating
77
gon
angle
decagon o a polygon with 10 angles
78
grad-
to step, to go
gradual - step by step
79
gran-
grain
granary - a storehouse or repository for grain
granola - a misture of rolled oats and other ingredients
80
grat-
pleasing
gratify - to please someone
grateful - feeling thankful
81
gress
to step, to go
digression - departure from the main issue
progress - movement forward or onward
82
hem-
blood
hemoglobin - red blood particle
83
hepa-
liver
hepatitis - inflammation of the liver
hepatoma - a tumor of the liver
84
herbi-
plant, grass
herbicvide - any chemical used to kill unwanted plants
herbal -relating to plants
85
homo-
like, alike, same
homogenous - of the same nature or kind
86
hyper-
too much, over, excessive, beyond
hyperactive - very restless
87
icon-
image
iconology - science of symbols and icons
88
il-, in-
in, into
illuminate - to give light to
innovation - a new "in"-- new ideal, method, or device
89
ig-, il-, im-, in-, ir-
not, without
illegal - not legal
impossible - not possible
inappropriate - not appropriate
90
image
likeness
image - a likeness of someone
imagine - to form a picture or likeness in the mind
91
infra-
beneath, below
infrastructure - underlying framework of a system
infrared - below the regular light spectrum
92
inter-
between, among, jointly
interupt - to stop the continuous progress of something or someone
93
intra-, intro-
within, inside
intrastate - existing in one state
introvert - shy person who keeps to him/herself
94
ir-
not
irredeemable - not redeemable
irrational - not rational
95
ject
throw
eject - to throw someone/thing out
interject - to throw a remark into a discussion
96
jud-
law
judgment - a decision of a cour of law
judicial - having to do with judges or courts of law
97
junct
join
conjuunction - a word that joins parts of sentences
disjunction - a disconnection
98
junct-
join
junction - a place where 2 things join
99
juven
young
rejuvenate - to bring back to youthful experience
100
juven-
101
lab
work
collaborate - to work with a person
elaborate - to work out the details
102
lab-
work
laborious - requiring a lot of work
103
lact-
milk
lactate - to give milk, nurse
lactose - the sugar containe din milk
104
later
side
bilateral - of or involving 2 sides
unilateral - affecting one side of something
105
liber-
free
liberate - to set free
liberty - freedom
106
lingu
language, tonuge
multilingual - able to communicate in more than 1 language
107
lingu-
language, tongue
linguist - one who studies languages
108
loc
place
dislocate - th put something out of its usual place
109
loc-
place
ocation - a place
110
loqu, locu
speak
eloquent - speaking beautifully
111
loqu-, locu-
speak
loquacious - very talkative
112
luc
light
elucidate - to explain, to throw light on
translucent - allowing light to pass through
113
luc-
light
lucid - easy to understand
114
lud, lus
to play
prelude - introduction played prior to the major performance
illusion - a deceptive play on appearance; impression
115
lumin
light
il**_lumin_**ate - to fill with light
116
lumin-
light
lumen - unit measuring light
117
lun-
moon
**_lun_**ar - relating to the moon
**_lun_**arscape - the surface of the moon
118
magn-
great, large
**_magn_**ify - make larger
**_magn_**ificent - grand
119
mal-
bad, ill, wrong
**_mal_**content - wron
120
man-
hand
**_man_**euver - to move skillfully by hand
**_man_**ual - done by hand
121
mand
to order
com**_mand_** - an order of instruction
de**_mand_** - a hard-to-ignore order
122
mand-
to order
**_mand_**ate - an official order
123
mar
sea
**_mar_**ina - a harbor for pleasure boats
124
mater-, matr-
mother
**_mater_**nal - relating to motherhood
**_mater_**nity - the state of being a mother
125
max-
greatest
**_max_**imal - the best or greatest possible
**_max_**imize - to make as great as possible
126
medi-
middle
**_medi_**um - about halfway between two extremes
**_medi_**ocre - only of medium quality
127
memor
remember
com**_memor_**ate - to honor the memory of
128
memor-
remember
**_memor_**ial - related remembering a person or event
**_memor_**y - ability to remember
129
merge, mers
dip, dive
im**_merge**_ or im_**merse_** - to ut or dip something into a liquid
130
mid-
middle
**_mid_**term - middle of a term in school
131
migr
move
im**_migr_**ant - a person who moves to a new country
132
migr-
move
**_migr_**ant - a person who moves from place to place
133
milli-
one thousandth
**_milli_**meter - one thousandth of a meter
134
min-
small, less
**_min_**i - something that is very small
135
miss, mit
send, let go
dis**_miss_** - to send someone away
e**_mit_** - to send something out
136
miss-, mit-
send, let go
**_miss_**ile - a weaon sent into the air
137
mob
move
im**_mob_**ilize - to stop from moving
138
mob-
move
**_mob_**ility - the quality of being able to move
139
mot, mov
move
pro**_mote_** - to move someone forward
140
mot-, mov-
move
**_mot_**ion - the act of moving
**_mot_**ivate - to move someone into action
141
mort
death
im**_mort_**al - never dying or decayin
142
mort-
death
**_mort_**al - subject to death
**_mort_**ician - an undertaker
143
multi-
many, more than one or two
**_multi_**colored - having many colors
**_multi_**tasking - doing many things at once
144
mut
change
im**_mut_**able - unchanging over time
145
mut-
change
**_mut_**ant - an organism that has underone change
146
my-, myo-
muscle
**_myo_**cardium - the middle muscle of the heart
147
narr-
tell
**_narr_**ate - to tell a story
**_narr_**ator - someone who tells a story
148
nat
born
in**_nate_** - inborn
149
nat-
born
**_nat_**al - relating to birth
**_nat_**ural - gotten at birth, or caused by nature
150
nav
ship
circum**_nav_**igate - to sail a ship around a place
151
nav-
ship
**_nav_**y - a fleet of ships
**_nav_**igate - to plan or direct the route of course of a ship
152
neg
no
re**_neg_** - to go back on a promise
153
neg-
no
**_neg_**ate - to say it didn't happen
**_neg_**ative - a "no" person
154
nom-
name
**_nom_**inal - exiting in name only
**_nom_**inate - to enter a person's name as a candidate for election or appointment
155
non-
no, not, without
**_non_**descript - without distinctive or interesting features or characteristics
**_non_**fiction - not imaginary; true, real
156
noun, nunc
declare
an**_noun_**ce - to declre in public
de**_noun_**ce - to proclaim harsh criticism
157
nov
new
in**_nov_**ate - to introduce a new way
re**_nov_**ate - to make something like new again
158
nov-
new
**_nov_**ice - someone who is new at something
159
numer
number
e**_numer_**ate - to name a number of items on a list
160
numer-
number
**_numer_**ology - the study of magical uses of numbers
**_numer_**ous - a large number
161
ob-, op-
in the way, against
**_ob_**ject - to be against something
**_ob_**scure - to be in the way of being seen
**_op_**position - to stand against someone or something
162
ocu
eye
bin**_ocu_**lar- a two-lens device for seeing distances
mon**_ocu_**lar - a single-lense device for seeing distances
163
ocu-
eye
**_ocu_**list - an eye doctor
164
odor
smell, scent
de**_odor_**ant - a substance that helps prevent body odor
mal**_odor_**ous - having a terribly bad smell
165
odor-
smell, scent
**_odor_**iferous - something that bears or diffuses scent
166
omni-
all
**_omni_**potent - all powerful
**_omni_**scient - all knowing
167
opt-
best
**_opt_**imal - best of most favorable
**_opt_**imize - to make the best of
168
pater-, patr-
father
**_pater_**nal - relating to fathers
169
ped-
foot, feet
**_ped_**al - a lever pushed by the feet
**_ped_**estrian - a person walking along a road or in a developed area
170
pel
drive, force
com**_pel_** - to force someone to act
ex**_pel_** - for force someone out
171
per-
through, throughout
**_per_**manent - lasting throughtout all time
**_per_**meate - to spread throughout; pervade
172
plaud, plod, plaus, plos
approve clap
ap**_plaud_** - to show approval of, especially by clapping the hands
173
plaus-
approve, clap
**_plaus_**ible - worthy of approval; reasonable, probable
174
pon
place, put
op**_pon_**ent - someone who competes against or fights another in a certain place of contest, game, or argument
post**_pon_**e - to put off doing doing something
175
pop-
people
**_pop_**ular - appealing to a lot of people
**_pop_**ulist - a supporter of the rights of people
176
port
carry
ex**_port_** - to carry goods out of a place to another
177
port-
carry
**_port_**able - able to be carried
**_port_**er - a person who carries luggage
178
pugn, pung
to fight
re**_pugn_**ant - distasteful, offensive, revolting
179
pugn-, pung
to fight
**_pugn_**acious - having a quarrelsome or aggresive nature
**_pung_**ent - having a strong or "fighting" taste or smell
180
purg
clean
ex**_purg_**ate - remove objectionable passages from publication
181
purg-
clean
**_purg_**e - to remove anything undesirable
182
put
think
com**_put_**er - an electronic thinking device
dis**_put_**e - to disagree with what another person thinks
183
quad
four
**_quad_**rant - open space with buildings on four sides
**_quad_**ruped - a four-footed animal
184
quart-
fourth
**_quart_**er - a fourth
**_quart_** - one-fourth of a gallon
185
quin-
five, fifth
**_quin_**tet - a composition for five voices or instruments
**_quin_**tuple - fivefold
186
radic-, radix-
root
**_radic_**al - the fundamental or "root" part of the nature of someone or something; a person who looks at things from a drastic point of view
187
radic, radix
root
e**_radic_**ate - to root something out
188
ram-
branch
**_ram_**ification - a consequence or a "branch" of an action or event, especially when complex or unwelcome
189
re-
again, back, backward
**_re_**bound - to spring back again
**_re_**wind - to wind something backward
190
reg-
guide, rule
**_reg_**ent - a person who rules on behalf of a king or queen; regime a government that rules
191
retro-
backward, back
**_retro_**active - relating to something in the past; retrospect the remembering of past events
192
rid
laugh
de**_rid_**e - to make fun of someone
193
rid-
laugh
**_rid_**icule - to make fun of or mock; ridiculous silly, causing laughter
194
rrh, ea, oca, ag
flow, discharge
hemo**_rrh_**age - heavy blood flow
195
rub
red
bili**_rub_**in - reddish pigment in bile
196
rub-
red
**_rub_**y - deep red color and a precious stone
**_rub_**ella - measles (red rash on the skin)
197
rupt
break, burst
**_rupt_**ure - a break in something
198
san-
health
**_san_**e - mentally healthy
**_san_**itary - relating to cleanliness and health
199
scend
climb, go
a**_scend_** - to climb upward
cre**_scend_**o - a climbing up of volume
200
sci
know
con**_sci_**ence - sense of knowing right from wrong
con**_sci_**ous - knowing what is happening
201
scrib, script
write, written
**_scrib_**e - a person who writes out documents
202
se-
apart
**_se_**cede - to formally break away from
**_se_**clude - to keep away from
203
sect
cut
dis**_sect_** - to cut apart piece by piecer
inter**_sect_** - the place where two things cross each other
204
sed, sid, sess
sit
re**_sid_**e - to live ("sit") in one place
**_sed_**iment - matter that settles to ( or"sits" at) the bottom of a liquid
205
sess
sit
**_sess_**ion - a sitting of a body to conduct its business
206
semi
half, partial
**_semi_**annual - every half year
**_semi_**circle - half a circle
207
sept-
seven
**_Sept_**ember - used to be the seventh month in the Roman calendar
**_sept_**et - a group of 7 musicians
208
serv
save, keep
con**_serv_**e - to save or keep something safe; preserve to save something
re**_serv_**ation - a place set aside for occupation by a group of people
209
sex-
six
**_sex_**tet or **_sex_**tette - a composition or group of 6 **_sex_**tuple - six-fold
210
sol
sun
para**_sol_** - umbrella protecting from the sun
211
sol-
sun
**_sol_**ar - relating to or determined by the sun
**_sol_**itary - done alone (under the sun)
**_sol_**arium - a room where one is exposed to sunlight
212
somn
sleep
in**_somn_**ia - inability to fall asleep
213
son
sound
con**_son_**ant - a basic speech sound in which the breath is at least partly obstructed and which can be combined with a vowel to form a syllable
uni**_son_** - as one voice or sound
214
son-
sound
**_son_**orous - producing loud, full, rich sounds
super**_son_**ic - faster than sound
215
spec
see, look
cicum**_spec_**t - cautious, looking around
retro**_spec_**t - a looking back at things
216
spir
breathe
**_spir_**it - invisible life force (or breath)
217
sta-
stand
**_sta_**ble - standing firm and steady
**_sta_**gnant - standing still, not moving
218
stell
star
con**_stell_**ation - a group of stars that forms a pattern
inter**_stell_**ar - between the stars
219
struct
build
con**_struct_** - to build
de**_struct_**ion - the act of destroying something that was built
220
sub-
under, lower than, inferior to
**_sub_**marine - an underwater boat
**_sub_**standard - inferior to accepted standards
221
sum-
highest
**_sum_** - the combined total of everything
**_sum_**mit - the hightest point or top
222
super-
higher in quality or quantity
**_Super_**bowl - the final annual football game
**_super_**sonic - higher than the speed of sound
223
tact, tang
touch
**_tang_**ible - able to be touched
**_tact_**ile - relating to the sense of touch
224
temp, tempor
time
**_tempor_**al - relating to time
**_temp_****_or_**ary - lasting for a limited time
225
ten, tin, tent
hold
con**_tin_**ent - able to hold or control bowels and bladder
de**_ten_**tion - the act of holding or detaining
226
ten-
hold
**_ten_**acious - tending to keep a firm hold of something
227
ter, trit
rub
at**_trit_**ion - the act of rubbing together or wearing down
228
trit-
rub
**_trit_**e - used or occurring so often as to have lost interest, freshness, or force
229
term, termina
end, limit
**_termina_**te - to end
230
terr-, terra-, terri
land, earth
**_terri_**tory - an area of land
**_terra_**in - a stretch of land with regard to its physical features
231
tetra
four
**_tetra_**pod - having four legs
**_tetra_**rchy - government by four rulers
232
tort
twist
con**_tort_**ion - a twisted shape or position
dis**_tort_** - to alter (or "twist") the shape or condition of
re**_tort_** - a sharp, witty, "twisted" comeback
233
tox
poison
de**_tox_** - the process of removing poisons
234
tox-
poison
**_tox_**ic - poisonous
**_tox_**icology - the study of poisons
235
tract-
pull, drag
at**_tract_** - to pull objects nearer
dis**_tract_** - to drag attention away from
236
trans-
accross, beyond, through
**_trans_**continental - across the continent
**_trans_**fer - to move from one place to another
237
tri-
three, once every three, third
**_tri_**angle a figure with three sides and three angles
**_tri_**athlon - an athletic contest with three events
238
ultra-
beyond, extreme, more than
**_ultra_**high - extremely high
**_ultra_**modern - more modern than anything else
239
un-
not, opposite of, lacking
**_un_**abridged - not shortened
**_un_**fair - not fair
240
uni-
one, single
**_uni_**cycle - a vehicle with one wheel
**_uni_**lateral - decided by only one person or nation
241
urb
city
sub**_urb_** - a residential area on the edge of a city
242
urb-
city
**_urb_**an - relating to a city
**_urb_**anology - the study of city life
243
vac
empty
e**_vac_**uate - to empty a dangerous place
244
vac-
empty
**_vac_**ant - empty, unoccupied
**_vac_**ation - a time emptied of work
245
ven, vent
246
ver-
truth
**_ver_**acious - truthful, honest
**_ver_**acity - the truth
247
verb
word
ad**_verb_** a word relating to a verb
pro**_verb_** a short saying that expresses a well-known truth
248
verb-
word
**_verb_**alize - to put into words
249
vers, vert
turn
re**_vers_**e - to turn around
intro**_vert_** - a shy, reticent, inward person
250
vers-, vert-
turn
**_vers_**ion - a turn from the original
251
vice-
acting in place of
**_vice_**-president - the person next in rank to the president
252
vince, vic
conquer
con**_vince_** - to win (or "conquer") someone over
in**_vinc_**ible - unconquerable
253
vis, vid
see
en**_vis_**ion - to picture in the mind
e**_vid_**ent - clearly visible
254
vis-, vid-
see
**_vis_**ion - the ability to see
255
viv, viva, vit
live, life
re**_viva_**l - the act of bringing back to life
256
viv-, viva-, vit-
live, life
**_viva_**cious - highly spirited and full of life
**_vit_**al - indispensable to the continuance of life
257
voc, voci
voice, call
ad**_voc_**ate - to speak in favor of
equi**_voc_**ate - to use misleading language that could be interpreted two different ways
258
voc-, voci-
voice, call
**_voc_**alize - to produce with your voice
259
vol, voli, volu
wish, will
bene**_vol_**ent - showing goodwill and kindness
260
vol-, voli-, volu-
wish, will
**_vol_**ition - the act of making a choice or decision
**_vol_**untary - resulting from your own free will
261
vor, vour
eat
carni**_vor_**ous - meat-eating
de**_vour_** - to eat quickly
262
vor-, vour-
eat
**_vor_**acious - desiring or eating food with great quantities
263
xanth-
yellow
**_xanth_**ium - a genus of yellowish, coarse, rough, or spiny herbs
**_xanth_**ochromia - yellowish discoloration (as of the skin)
