8A.3 Governments and IGOs defining development targets and policies Flashcards
8A.3a The relationship between economic and social progress
what is the relationship between economic and social progress?
In most countries economic development provides the means (capital and Human Resources) that drive and sustain human developments
The link between economic and social development is based on the government
8A.3a The relationship between economic and social progress
what is social progress?
social progress is the idea that societies can and do improve their economic, political and social structures
social progress is affected by:
government intervention- e.g. national health service, ensuring free education, subsidising housing for the poor
social enterprise- businesses that trade for a social or environmental purpose
social activism- intentional actions aimed at bringing about social change, e.g. empowerment of women
8A.3a The relationship between economic and social development
what is economic progress?
economic progress looks at the GDP of a country and the characteristics of its economy (such as sectors of employment)
the economic progress of a country is influenced by its governance, which affects its capacity to trade freely with other countries and receive investment from TNCs
8A.3a The relationship between economic and social development
welfare states vs totalitarian regimes
welfare states
- high level of social spending
- e.g. Finland
totalitarian regimes
- low levels of social spending
- run by elites
- requires complete subservience to the state
- e.g. North Korea
8A.3a The relationship between economic and social development
a
8A.3b IGOs and development
general IGOs
the dominant IGOs have traditionally promoted neo-liberal views of development based on the
neo-liberal views include
- adoption of free trade
- privatisation
- deregulation of financial markets
- reduced state intervention,
- free-market capitalism
recent programmes have been aimed at improving environmental quality, health, education and human rights
the belief is that this will aid development as the private wealth will trickle down, and that the poorest will eventually benefit from the strengthened economy
8A.3b IGOs and development
concerns for neo-liberalism
benefits businesses and TNCs far more than ordinary people, and so creates inequality, leading to a growing gap between rich and poor
focuses on industrialisation, trade and jobs that tend to concentrate in cities, so rural areas miss out on economic growth and development
focuses on profit and economic growth at the expense of the environment
