8A.1 Concepts of human development Flashcards
8A.1a measuring human development
what are the advantages and disadvantages of measuring human development by growth of GDP?
good measure
- economic growth fundamental to initial development
bad measure
- the relationship is complex, shown by the wealthiest countries not having the highest contentment levels
- growth is relative, i.e. a country with a small economy can double its GDP whereas a country with a large economy may have a smaller growth rate
8A.1a measuring human development
what is the relationship between human contentment and levels of wealth and income?
a
8A.1a measuring human development
what is the Happy Planet Index?
Happy Planet Index = EW x LE/EF
EW= experienced well-being LE= life expectancy EF = ecological footprint
The Happy Planet Index combines environmental data on sustainability with social data on satisfaction and health
A criticism of this index is that the data for experienced well-being is highly subjective, as well as reporting of the ecological footprint being influenced politically
Costa Rica is the highest on the HPI
8A.1a measuring human development
what is welfare state?
welfare state- the state protects and promotes the economic and social well-being of the citizens, based upon the principles of equal opportunity, equitable distribution of wealth, and public responsibility for citizens
8A.1a measuring human development
what is a religious society?
religious society- the state endorses the religion and uses religion as a basis for law and governance. religion becomes part of the law, covering behaviour and beliefs
8A.1a measuring human development
what is a secular society?
secular society- the state is separate from religion. for example, the United Kingdom
8A.1a measuring human development
what is a socialist society?
socialist society- a sovereign state constitutionally dedicated to the establishment of socialism where goods and services are produced directly for use. theoretically wealth is distributed evenly throughout the country and everything is owned by the state
8A.1a measuring human development
what is a communist society?
communist society- common ownership of the means of production with free access to the articles of consumption and is classless and stateless, implying the end of the exploitation of labour. for example the Nordic countries
8A.1a measuring human development
what is totalitarian society?
totalitarian society- a concept for a form of government or political system that prohibits opposition parties, restricts individual opposition to the state and its claims, and exercises an extremely high degree of control over public and private life. for example North Korea
8A.1b goals for development
why are improvements in environmental quality, health, life expectancy and human rights more significant goals for development?
Hans Rosling believes that future goals should be to improve environmental quality, health, life expectancy and human rights.
He argued that human development are essential to economic growth and that these cannot exist without a good, stable government.
He believed that improving health unlocks economic potential of the population.
8A.1b goals for development
why is economic growth the best means for achieving social development targets?
Economic growth is needed to built infrastructure, raise incomes to pay for medicine and education and develop journalism for human development to increase.
8A.1b goals for development
how do goals for development vary between countries at different stages of development?
there is a temporal element to priorities for development (according to Rostow’s development model)
- less developed countries have economic priorities to develop the most
- more developed countries have social priorities to develop further
8A.1c Education and development
what is human capital?
human capital is the skills, knowledge, and experience possessed by an individual or population, viewed in terms of their value or cost to an organization or country.
8A.1c Education and development
how is education central to economic development?
education increases human capital leads to better employment and income (material benefits), which translate to better quality of life
8A.1c Education and development
how is education central to the understanding and assertion of human rights?
a
