2B.2 Geological Structure

Question 1

2B.2a Concordant and discordant coastlines

concordant

Answer 1

a

Question 2

2B.2a Concordant and discordant coastlines

discordant

Answer 2

a

Question 3

2B.2a Concordant and discordant coastlines

a

Answer 3

a

Question 4

2B.2b Coastal morphology

coastal morphology

Answer 4

a

Question 5

2B.2b Coastal morphology

concordant coast: Haff coast

Answer 5

a

Question 6

2B.2b Coastal morphology

concordant coast: Dalmatian coast

Answer 6

a

Question 7

2B.2b Coastal morphology

a

Answer 7

a

Question 8

2B.2b Coastal morphology

discordant coast: headland and bay

Answer 8

a

Question 9

2B.2b Coastal morphology

a

Answer 9

a

Question 10

2B.2c Influence of geological structure

geological structure: jointing

Answer 10

joints occur in most rocks, often in regular patterns, dividing rock strata up into blocks with a regular shape

Question 11

2B.2c Influence of geological structure

geological structure: dip

Answer 11

dip means the angle of rock strata in relation to the horizontal

dip is a feature of sedimentary rocks, formed in horizontal layers but can be tilted by plate tectonics

DIAGRAM OF DIP IN HODDER TEXTBOOK

landward dip produces the most stable cliff profile

seaward dip at a high angle is vulnerable to rock slides down the dip slope

seaward dip at a low angle is vulnerable to rock falls

Question 12

2B.2c Influence of geological structure

geological structure: folding

Answer 12

folding occurs due to crustal compression

horizontal strata are ‘squeezed’ into a series of anticlines (convex up/ A-shaped) and synclines (concave down/ U-shaped)

the folding is usually accompanied by the development of joints and fissures

Question 13

2B.2c Influence of geological structure

geological structure: faulting

Answer 13

faults represent major weaknesses within rock layers

either side of a fault line, rocks are often heavily fractured and broken and these weaknesses are exploited by marine erosion

Question 14

2B.2c Influence of geological structure

influence on coastal morphology and erosion rates

Answer 14

a

Question 15

2B.2c Influence of geological structure

influence of the formation of cliff profiles

Answer 15

cliff profile is the height and angle of a cliff face, plus its features such as wave-cut notches or changes in slope angle.

cliff profiles are influenced predominantly by the resistance erosion to erosion of the rock and the dip of rock strata in relation to the coastline

Question 16

2B.2c Influence of geological structure

influence on the occurrence of micro-features

Answer 16

micro-features are small-scale coastal features such as caves and wave-cut notches which form part of a cliff profile.

micro-features form in areas weakened by heavy jointing, which have faster rates of erosion, enlarging the joint to form a sea cave.

the location of micro-features found within cliffs, are often controlled by the location of faults and/or strata which have a particularly high density of joints and fissures.