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ocs > 8.6 1945-1991 cold war > Flashcards

8.6 1945-1991 cold war Flashcards

1
Q

post war naval assets

A

rapid demobilization

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2
Q

National security act of 1947

A

DoD as a cabinet level agency, secdef, air force established, joint chiefs of staff, CIA, national security council 1949 amendment sec def position strengthened

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3
Q

revolt of admirals 1949

A

USN vs USAF roles & responsibilities, USAF asserted USN/USMC obsolete: new def sec cancelled $188m supercarrier. navy’s testimony ocurred 13 octo 1949

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4
Q

evolving naval tech mid 20th century

A
  1. prop aircraft to jet aircraft
  2. decline of the naval gun, rise of the guided missile
  3. invention of nuclear power & buildup of nuclear weapons
  4. rudimentary to advanced RADAR
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5
Q

USS NAUTILUS SSN 571

A

first nuclear powered sub commissioned 30 sep 1954

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6
Q

navy SEALs established

A

president kennedy 1962

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7
Q

mutual assured destruction (MAD)

A

US doctrine of reciprocal deterrence resting on the US and Soviet union. each being able to inflict destruction to the other in retaliation for a nuclear attack

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8
Q

Proxy War

A

War fought between groups representing the interest of other larger powers

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9
Q

containment

A

US policy to limit the spread of communism around the world

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10
Q

yalta conference feb 1945

A

(a) free elections. People choose which type they want
(b) changes happen

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11
Q

germany surrendered on what day

A

8 May 1945

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12
Q

Potsdam Conference (Jul-Aug 1945)

A

germany divided into occupation zones
Japan threatened with prompt and utter destruction
Federal republic of (West) Germany
Berlin (inside East germany) split into occupation zones
communist control of eastern europe
“puppet” states dominated by soviets

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13
Q

NATO

A

est 1949
US and allies Treaty
Goals:
1. further treaty principles
2. contribute to North atlantic area security
3. promote democratic values
4. build trust
5. pervent conflict

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14
Q

warsaw pact

A

est 1955
“Treaty of friendship” between communist satellite states and USSR
GOAL: counter NATO and provide collective defense

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15
Q

Truman doctrine

A

american commitment to economically and militarily support any free people threatened by internal or external subjugation by armed minorities

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16
Q

navy 6th fleet est

A

Navy forward deployed symbol of american power

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17
Q

“i believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressure”

A

Harry S. truman on the Truman doctrine

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18
Q

rising communist threat

A

controversial ussr actions:
solidified wartime conquests
supported communist fighters & political leaders
applied diplomatic and military pressure on non-communist parties
provided communist aid to comm figthers

19
Q

the cold war

A

1945-1991
global confrontation
communism vs capitalism
series of Proxy wars
rise of comm nations:
1. People’s republic of China PRC
2. North Korea
3. vietnam

20
Q

civil war and communism and communism in china

A

REP OF CHINA (ROC) and Chinese Communist Party (CCP) fought from 1927-1949, interlude of 1937-1945 due to JPN invasion
PRC (People’s republic of china) est in 1949 drives ROC to Taiwan

21
Q

Cold war: korea

A

invasion of republic of korea : 25 JUN 1950 supported by PRC & USSR
US forces directed to aid south korea & UN
7TH FLEET tasked to prevent war from spreading.show of force around taiwan, routine patrols discourage soviets and PRC, SEA CONTROL

22
Q

operation chromite

A

successful amphibious landing was result of accurate naval intelligence
naval surface fire support (NSFS) softened enemy defensive positions
Seoul captured within one week

23
Q

Frozen Chosin nov 1950

A

marines broke thru encircling chinese forces
naval aviation instrumental n covering withdrawal

24
Q

1st and 2nd taiwan strait causes

A

1954: armed conflict between ROC and PRC - US threatens use of nuclear force, and w/out USSR support PRC backs down
1958: PRC shells ROC again - US navy deploys 6 carrier task groups
-performed escort duties in south china seas
-7th fleet deployed
- US action deters communist invasion of taiwan

25
Q

cuban missile crisis feb 1962

A

naval forces “quarantine” CUBA
- premier khruschev ultimatium to Kennedy
- US take nuclear sites out of turkey and russia willl out of cuba

26
Q

Discuss major US Navy contributions to the Korean War

A

Inchon:
Successful amphibious landing was result of accurate Naval Intelligence
Naval Surface Fire Support (N.S.F.S.) softened enemy defensive positions
Chosin:
US Navy Amphibious Task Force 90 withdrew 200,000 troops and refugees (Dec 1950)

27
Q

Describe the US policy of “containment”

A

U.S.’s geopolitical containment of the Soviet Union and spread of communism

28
Q

cold war: vietnam

A

1959, TONKIN GULF spurred Naval involvement: USS MADDOX DD 731 & USS TURNER JOY DD 951 attacked in aug 1964

29
Q

major navy operations: vietnam

A

rolling thunder (1965-1968)
starlite (1965)
market time (1965-1972)
Game warden (1965-1973)

30
Q

naval strategies in vietnam

A

SEALORDS(southeast asia lake, ocean, river, delta strategy)
- instituted by VADMA elmo zumwalt jr
- similar to Anaconda plan
-mine warfare& blockades
- prevent chinese and soviet involvement
-enabled US withdrawal

31
Q

naval contributions to vietnam

A

strategic bombing
top gun
red crown
search and rescue

32
Q

strategic bombing

A

1) The Seventh Fleet aircraft carriers of Task Force 77 played a major role in U.S.
bombing operations when the war began in earnest in 1965. The Rolling Thunder,
Linebacker, and other campaigns involved the bombing of enemy power plants, fuel
and supply facilities, highway and railroad bridges, and rail lines in North Vietnam and
Laos. U.S. and allied fleet covered over 1,200 miles of coastline

33
Q

top gun

A

fighter weapons school imrpoved quality of dog fights and improved it to 12 to 1n early 1970s NAS miramar

34
Q

red crown

A

navy position ships equipped with advanced RADAR AND TRACKING of approaching enemy
The warship, called “Red Crown” was responsible
for tracking aircraft flying over the Gulf of Tonkin and North Vietnam, warning the
fleet of approaching MiG interceptors. The “Red Crown” ship was responsible for establishing
a Positive Identification Radar Advisory Zone (PIRAZ)

35
Q

search and rescue

A

(1) Helicopters and fixed wing aircraft operating from Seventh Fleet ships executed SAR
missions that saved hundreds of U.S. aviators whose aircraft went down in North
Vietnam, Laos, or at sea

36
Q

end of vietnam war

A

end of military ops: 29 march 1973
fall of saigon: 30 apr 1975
Resulted in: aged ww2 fleet
- low morale
- war unpopular at home
- “vietnam syndrome”

37
Q

1970s decades of headwinds

A

domestic disunity over vietnam
watergate 1974
energy crises 1973, 1979
- PACING SOVIET threat

38
Q

a changing navy

A

MCPON delbert black
- VADM ZUMWALT
- “z grams” became navy wide directives
- full integration into naval service for minorities
-increased recruitment and retentions
- eliminated everyday discrimination
“there is no black navy, there is no white navy- just one navy-the united states navy”

39
Q

1970s a reduction in str

A

Carter Administration:
- inherited a reduced naval force
-did not support expansion of “one ocean Navy”
-emphasis placed on protection of SLOCs
- support US commitments to EURO only
- Strategic arms limitation talks (SALT) I and II conferences

40
Q

1970s: balance in power shift

A

soviet russia:
-took advantage of US post-vietnam entrenchment
- threatened US interst overseas
- threaten us control of seas
-conducted Okean ‘75
- invasion of afghanistan 1979
1980s

41
Q

1980s US naval resurgence

A

600 ship Navy
-“peace thru str” diplomacy
-dramatically inc size
-USS OHIO SSBN 726 commissioned in 1981
-NIMITZ class carriers and LOS ANGELES class sub production
-improvemnts to tech and weapons
- show of force pacific exercise: 1989

42
Q

soviet union falls

A

causes: inability to keep up in arms race
- non-russian groups resisted assimilation, Afghanistan
- failed reforms
- Berlin Wall torn down 9 NOV 1989
-WARSAW PACT DISSOLUTION 31 MAR 1991
USSR officially dissolved 25 DEC 1991

43
Q

Describe a change to Naval Policy instituted under ADM Zumwalt

A

Full integration into naval service for minorities
Increased recruitment and retention
Eliminated everyday discrimination
Project 60; High-Low Mix
Shift to all-volunteer force

44
Q

Name three significant advances in Naval Technology in the second half of the 20th century

A

Nuclear Power
Jet Aircraft
Missiles
RADAR Advances

ocs (20 decks)

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