8.4 WWII 1922-1942

Question 1

background of germany

Answer 1

treaty of versailles: reparations too tough, military restrictions wound german pride
Weimar republic: ineffectual governance leads to rise in extremism
nationlist fervor begins to take over: Nazi (national socialist party) begins to hold rallies and build support

Question 2

background on japan

Answer 2

waashington and london naval conferences: widely viewed with hostility with japan, splits japanese navy with treaty faction and fleet faction.
Japan becomes more militaristic: general staff reports directly to Emperor not to diet or prime minister therefore military yields power.
political assassinations:
lack of natural resources

Question 3

Preludes to war

Answer 3

1931: Japan invades Manchuria, establishes puppet state violates 9 power and 4 power treaty
1933: hitler becomes chancellor & declares the reich, germany and japan withdraw from leagueofnations
1936: germany occupies the Rhineland, Japan terminates 5 power treaty
1937: March-Germany unifies w/ austria. July- Japan invades China starting the 2nd Sino-Japanese war
1938: Germany annexes Sudentland - munich conference
1939: Germany occupies remainder of Czechoslovakia
Sep 1940: Japan concluded treaty with axis powers
Jul 1941: Japan and Vichy government had agreed to joint protectorateof all Indo china
Nov 1941: US demanded Japan abandon her conquest of china

Question 4

War in europe

Answer 4

April 1940: Germany invades Denmark & Norway
may 1940: Germany invades netherlands & france
June 1940: France surrenders
Summer 1940: battle britain
Sep 1940: tripartite pact signed
June 1941: germany invades soviet union

Question 5

US responses to war and rising tensions

Answer 5

1933-1940: naval funding increased $1B emphasis on battleships and carriers
1934: USS YORKTOWN & USS ENTERPRISE
1939: US declared neutrality
June 1940: PACIFIC FLEET moved to Peral harbor
Oct 1940: scrap metal embargo against Japan & Panama canal
1941: lend-lease program
June 1941: neutrality patrols in atlantic
August 1941: oil/gas embargo against japan

Question 6

German threat

Answer 6

ABC-1 staff agreement: (early 1941) America, Britain, canada. 2 front war, europe first
Justification: germany’s advanced industrial development, scientific achievements, proximity to britain & military achievements
British sea power thought to be “shield of republic”

Question 7

Battle of Atlantic

Answer 7

German sub strategy: ADM Karl donitz, “Tonnage warfare” unrestricted, wolfpacks U-boats groupos

Question 8

significance of battle of atlantic

Answer 8

stepping stone to victory in europe. without open SLOCS, US & UK unable to help fight

Question 9

Japanese WWII objectives

Answer 9

Capture souther resources (east indies) so britain and Dutch
war with US was inevitable invaded Philippines concurrently with east indies invasion, needed to prevent US pac fleet and US getting involved

Question 10

ADM yamamoto

Answer 10

JAPANESE combined fleet
lived in the US, BOSTON STUDIES english, washington DC naval attache
against war with US
demanded pearl harbor attack
russo-japanese lessons learned

Question 11

Pearl Harbor

Answer 11

7 dec1941: between 0742 and 0850 hours US casualties: 2,403 killed, 169 aircraft destroyed, 21 ships sunk or damaged

Question 12

after pearl harbor

Answer 12

FDR: “YESTERDAY, dec 7 1941 a date which will live in infamy- the united states of america was suddenly and deliberately attackedby naval and air forces of the empire of Japan”

Question 13

aftermath of pearl harbor

Answer 13

8 dec 1941 US declares war on Japan, American public opinion changes, carriers become capital ships
subs, aux ships, repair facilities and oil tanks unharmed
Germany declares war on US: us begins to fight 2 ocean war, priority given to Europe.
Battle of atlantic expands: coastal/carribbean convoys , maritime, patrol flights, american shipyards, advancements in decoding

Question 14

UK vs US strategy

Answer 14

US: cross channel invasion of france 1942.
UK: peripheral attack on europe
Result: british strategy is adopted and allies invade thru north africa, american general (Eisenhower) chosen for supreme allied commander

Question 15

Asiatic fleet 1941-1942

Answer 15

Dutch east indies: series of disasturous naval and land battles
Philippine island defense: gen MacArthur evacuated Manila and retreated to Bataan Peninsula after american air and naval power destroyed BATAAN DEATH MARCH

Question 16

US defensive

Answer 16

post pearl harbor main goal: guard SLOCs between Hawaii, midway and australia
controversialcommand structure: divide pacific theater into two separate operational theaters Macarthuer (southwest pacific) Nimitz (central pacific)

Question 17

doolittle raid

Answer 17

apr 1942 raid on Tokyo admiral BULL Halsey commands TF16
USS HORNET & USS ENTERPRISE, lieutenant colonel doolittle
Boosted American morale, demonstrated applied critical thinking, US capable of projecting power from sea

Question 18

BATTLE OF coral sea

Answer 18

first pure carrier engagemnet
japanese tactical victory
Japan: 2 CVs damaged, 1CVL , 1 DD sunk, 92 A/c lost
Allies: 1 CV, 1DD, 1AOsunk, 1 CV damaged and 69 A/C lost
US strategic victory: halted Japanese advance, prevented japanese from cutting communication with australia

Question 19

US sub campaign

Answer 19

“EXECUTE AGAINST JAPAN UNRESTRICTED AIR AND SUB WARFARE” - CNO to CINPAC 07 1942
EARLY sub warfare and faulty torpedos limited effectiveness