8.3

Question 1

Transcription

Answer 1

DNA is replicated in the form of mRNA

Question 2

Central Dogma

Answer 2

DNA is used to make RNA is used to make proteins

Question 3

Base Pairing rules for RNA

Answer 3

A-U and C-G

Question 4

DNA vs RNA

Answer 4

DNA stays in the nucleus, RNA leaves; DNA is double-stranded, RNA is single-stranded; DNA has T, RNA has U; both are genetic material; both are made of nucleic acid; both have A, C, and G

Question 5

Enhancer

Answer 5

Acts as a “switch”; additional binding site for transcription factors

Question 6

Promoter

Answer 6

Start site of transcription; contains “TATA” box; signals transcription factors that then allow RNA pol. II to attach

Question 7

Exons

Answer 7

Parts of the DNA that are included in the RNA

Question 8

Introns

Answer 8

Parts of the DNA that are edited out of the RNA

Question 9

Initiation

Answer 9

TF bind to promoter/enhancer regions, attract and prepare RNA pol II to begin copying gene sequence into mRNA

Question 10

Elongation

Answer 10

RNA pol II breaks free of TF, a protective 5’ cap is added to mRNA, as RNA pol copies DNA, other proteins are recruited that splice out introns

Question 11

Termination

Answer 11

At the polyA site, the termination sequence is recognized and cut; at polyA tail is added to the end of the RNA molecule; the longer the tail=the longer the mRNA will last in the cytoplasm=more protein can be made from it