8.2- Transfer of Genetic Information

Question 1

define phenotype

Answer 1

physical characteristics that make up the appearance of the organism due to effects of genotype and/or environment

Question 2

define genotype

Answer 2

the genes that an organism possesses

Question 3

define homozygous

Answer 3

when identical alleles of a particular gene are present on both homologous chromosomes

Question 4

define heterozygous

Answer 4

when cell contains 2 different alleles of a gene

Question 5

describe what chromosomes and alleles a body cell is made from

Answer 5

-2 matching sets of chromosomes
1 from each parent
-2 alleles for a particular gene
1 from each parent

Question 6

define chromosome, gene and allele

Answer 6

chromosome- genetic information found in nucleus of a cell- divided into genes
genes- packets of information stored along chromosomes
alleles- different forms of the same gene

Question 7

what is a sampling error?

Answer 7

the reasons behind why we don’t see the predicted ratio of phenotypes of offspring

Question 8

give the common sampling errors

Answer 8

chance- combinations of alleles is a random process
death- some offspring die before being sampled
inefficient sampling techniques- difficult to sample small organisms