5.2 Glycolysis Flashcards
during glycolysis, how is glucose broken down into pyruvate molecules
6C sugar is phosphorylated into hexose bisphosphate - ATP turns into ADP
hexose bisphosphate is broken into 2 glycerate-3-phosphate, which is then further broken down into 2 pyruvate molecules. NAD is reduced and ADP is converted to ADP
where does the energy for phosphorylation come from
ATP
why is glucose phosphorylated
to make it more reactive
when the 2 hydrogen atoms are removed from the 3C sugars, where do they go
they are taken up by NAD to form NADH
where does the pyruvate molecule travel after glycolysis
enters mitochondria and proceeds to Kreb’s cycle
give four key points about aerobic respiration
- in mitochondria
- complete oxidation
- waste products: H2O, CO2
- net energy: 31 ATP
give four key points about anaerobic respiration
-in cytoplasm
-incomplete oxidation
-waste products: lactic acid or ethanol
net energy: 2 ATP
what is phosphorylation
addition of an inorganic phosphate group to a molecule
describe what substrate-level phosphorylation
- glycolysis and Kreb’s cycle
- single reaction involving direct transfer of phosphate group from a donor molecule to ADP
describe what oxidative phosphorylation
- electron transport chain
- a series of oxidation reactions that produce enough energy to form ATP from ADP + phosphate
what are coenzymes
molecules that bind to a specific enzyme or substrate, helping to catalyse a reaction
what are 3 major coenzymes
NAD
FAD
CoA
