3.2 Natural Selection

Question 1

define niche

Answer 1

the role of the organism in the community

Question 2

what are the 3 types of adaptations

Answer 2

anatomical
behavioural
physiological

Question 3

what is an anatomical adaptation

Answer 3

a physical or structural adaptation

Question 4

what is a behavioural adaptation

Answer 4

a change in how an organism behaves

Question 5

what is a physiological adaptation

Answer 5

a change in the internal functioning

Question 6

what are the two types of speciation caused by reproductive isolation

Answer 6

allopatric speciation

sympatric speciation

Question 7

how can we reduce antibiotic resistance

Answer 7

reduce use of antibiotics
use DNA sequencing to identify bacteria and target them with genetic engineering
develop new types of antibiotics

Question 8

describe how allopatric speciation can occur

Answer 8

when populations are physically or geographically isolated, formation of a new species can occur

a change in allele frequency due to natural selection in one of the isolated populations could lead to allopatric speciation

Question 9

describe how sympatric speciation can occur

Answer 9

two parts of a population can become reproductively isolated but be in the same place, which could lead to sympatric speciation

no physical barrier- other mechanism

Question 10

describe the process of changing the allele frequency

Answer 10

1. a population of organisms shows genetic diversity due to having a variety of alleles
2. environmental conditions change
3. natural selection reduces the reproductive efficiency of some individuals
4. some individuals with the advantageous alleles pass it on to the next generation
5. over many generations, the frequency of these alleles increases