5.4 Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 1

where does oxidative phosphorylation occur and what does it consist of

Answer 1

it occurs in mitochondrial matrix

comprised of electron transport chain and chemiosmosis

Question 2

which of the four stages of aerobic respiration is the most efficient producer of ATP

Answer 2

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 3

give a summary of oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 3

1. electrons from pervious processes enter the electron transport chain and are passed through membrane-bound proteins
2. final member of chain is oxygen, which forms water when accepting electrons
3. etc generates a proton gradient
4. gradient drives ATP synthase activity - generates ATP

Question 4

describe the two elements that oxidative phosphorylation consists of

Answer 4

electron transport chain
-electrons passed from one carrier to another forming an electrochemical gradient

chemiosmosis
-formation of ATP using electrochemical gradient

Question 5

how many molecules of ATP does the ETC and chemiosmosis generate

Answer 5

28

Question 6

describe the electron transport chain

Answer 6

1. electrons enter chain via electron carriers NADH and FADH, which become oxidised and released into matrix
2. FADH deposits electrons and releases 2 H atoms
3. electrons passed on to ubiquinone which reduces to QH2- more H+ pumped across membrane and electrons are passed to cytochrome c
4. cytochrome c passes electrons to next protein. electrons passed to oxygen which accepts H+ to form water
5. complexes use energy to move protons out of matrix and create proton gradient

Question 7

what is oxygen known as

Answer 7

terminal electron acceptor

Question 8

how is a proton gradient formed

Answer 8

movement of electrons through ETC

Question 9

how much ATP can be generated per molecule of glucose in a eukaryotic cell

Answer 9

30-32 ATP molecules

Question 10

how many ATP molecules are produced by glycolysis

Answer 10

2 ARP