8.1 DNA Flashcards
Describe Griffith’s experiments.
Griffith was researching pneumonia using mice. He injected mice with smooth strain (deadly), rough strain (non-virulent), heat killed smooth strain, and rough strain and heat killed smooth strain treatments.
What did Griffith’s experiments find?
Both the rough strain of bacteria and the heat killed smooth strain did not kill the infected mouse, but they became deadly once combined.
Describe Avery, Macleod, and McCarty’s experiment.
They wanted to find the transforming factor in Griffith’s experiment. They wanted to determine if protein or DNA was the transforming factor and therefore responsible for heredity.
Which molecule was responsible for transformation?
DNA
True or False?
After Avery and his team discovered the transforming factor, scientists were still skeptical that DNA was responsible for heredity.
True.
Describe the Hershey-Chase Experiment.
Two batches of viruses were labeled with radioactive phosphorous or radioactive sulfur. Then they were injected into the DNA and the protein, to see which one would still have radioactivity in the bacteria.
What is rule one of Chargaff’s Rules?
In any double stranded DNA, the number of guanine units to cysteine is equal and the number of adenine to thymine is equal.
What is rule two of Chargaff’s Rules?
The relative amounts of A, C, G, and T varries from one species to the next (genetic diversity).
What are the three main parts of a nucleotide?
The three main parts of a nucleotide are phosphate, sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
What type of bond holds the nucleotides together to create the sugar/phosphate backbone?
Covalent bonds hold the nucleotides together.
