8.1 Cranial Nerves III, V and VII Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the oculomotor nerve originate from?

A

Anterior midbrain

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2
Q

Which two arteries does the oculomotor nerve pass through as it leaves the brain?

A

Inferior to cerebral artery

Superior to superior cerebellar artery

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3
Q

Which layer does the oculomotor nerve pierce to enter the cavernous sinus?

A

Dura mata

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4
Q

Via which fossa does the oculomotor nerve exit the cranial fossa?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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5
Q

Name the 2 structures that the superior branch of the oculomotor nerve innervates

A

Superior rectus muscle
Levator palpabrae superioris muscle
Sympathetic- superior tarsal muscle

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6
Q

Name the 2 structures that the inferior branch of the oculomotor nerve innervates

A

Inferior rectus
Medial rectus
Inferior oblique
Parasympathetic- sphincter pupillae + ciliary muscles

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7
Q

Where does the trigeminal nerve originate from?

A

3 sensory nuclei and 1 motor nucleus from the midbrain to the medulla

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8
Q

Where does the sensory root of the trigeminal nerve form?

A

At the level of the Pons

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9
Q

When does the sensory root become the trigeminal ganglion?

A

Middle cranial fossa, lateral to the cavernous sinus

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10
Q

To which branch of the trigeminal nerve is the motor root distributed to?

A

V3- mandibular nerve

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11
Q

Name the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve

A

V1- opthalmic
V2- maxillary
V3- mandibular

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12
Q

Where does the ophthalmic nerve exit the cranial cavity?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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13
Q

Where does the maxillary nerve exit the cranial cavity?

A

Foramen rotundum

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14
Q

Where does the mandibular nerve exit the cranial cavity?

A

Foramen ovale –> Infra-temporal fossa

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15
Q

What are the 3 branches of the ophthalmic nerve?

A

Frontal
Lacrimal
Nasocilary

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16
Q

Which area of the face does V1 innervate?

A

Skin and mucous membranes of scalp, forehead, dorsum of nose, cornea, upper eyelid, conjunctiva, frontal and ethmoidal sinuses

17
Q

Which area of the face does V2 innervate?

A

Skin and mucous membranes of fronto-nasal prominence derivatives
Lower eyelid, conjunctiva, cheeks, maxillary sinus, nasal cavity, upper lip, superior palate, upper molars, incisors and canines

18
Q

Which area of the face does V3 give sensory innervation to?

A

Skin, mucous membranes and striated muscle derivatives of the mandibular prominence:
Floor of oral cavity, external ear, lower lip, chin, anterior 2/3rds tongue, lower molar, incisor and canines

19
Q

Which area of the face does V3 give motor innervation to?

A

Muscles of mastication, anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid, tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani

20
Q

Which structures do the parasympathetic fibres which run with the trigeminal nerve innervate?

A

Submandibular and sublingual glands
Parotid gland
Lacrimal gland
Mucous glands in nasal cavity

21
Q

Where does the facial nerve originate from?

A

Large motor root in the Pons and a small sensory root

22
Q

Which fossa do the roots of the facial nerve travel through as they leave the Pons?

A

Internal acoustic meatus in the temporal bone

23
Q

Where do the roots fuse?

A

Facial canal

24
Q

What is the name of the ganglion that the facial nerve forms?

A

Geniculate ganglion

25
Q

Name the 3 nerves which the facial nerve gives off after the geniculate ganglion

A

Greater Petrosal Nerve
Nerve to stapedius
Chorda tympani

26
Q

What does the facial nerve go through to exit the facial canal?

A

Stylomastoid foramen

27
Q

Which nerves branch from the facial nerve when it is extracranial?

A

Posterior auricular
Nerve to digastric
Nerve to stylohyoid

28
Q

Where does the motor root of the facial nerve split into branches?

A

Parotid gland

29
Q

Name the 5 motor branches of the facial nerve

A
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal 
Marginal Mandibular
Cervical
30
Q

What do the motor nerve branches of the facial nerve innervate?

A

Muscles of facial expression- derivatibes of the 2nd pharyngeal arch

31
Q

What special sensory innervation is the chorda tympani responsible for?

A

Taste sensation in anterior 2/3rds of tongue

32
Q

What is the corneal reflex?

A

Involuntary blinking of the eyelids stimulated by tactile, thermal or painful stimulation of the cornea.

33
Q

What is the afferent limb of the corneal reflex?

A

Opthalmic nerve (V1)

34
Q

What is the efferent limb of the corneal reflex?

A

Facial nerve

35
Q

Describe how a oculomotor nerve lesion will present

A

Ptosis
Down and out eyeball
Dilated pupil

36
Q

Describe how a trigeminal nerve lesion will present

A

Cannot look laterally

37
Q

Describe how an intercranial facial nerve lesion will present

A

Facial muscles of expression paralysed
Reduced salivation and loss of taste sensation
Hypersensitive to sound
Reduced lacrimal fluid production

38
Q

Describe how an extracranial facial nerve lesion will present

A

Paralysis or weakening of the muscles of facial expression ONLY