11.1 The larynx Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the larynx?

A

Maintain respiration
Produce phonation
Protect trachea
Produce cough reflex

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2
Q

Where is the supraglottis?

A

Inferior surface of epiglottis to the false vocal cords

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3
Q

Where is the glottis?

A

Vocal cords and 1cm inferiorly

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4
Q

Where is the subglottis?

A

1cm inferior of vocal cords to lower border of cricoid cartilage

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5
Q

What is the piriform fossa?

A

Natural funnel formed by the epiglottis

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6
Q

What is the epiglottis?

A

Leaf-shaped plate of elastic fibrocartilage which is attached to the posterior thyroid cartilage

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7
Q

What is the vallecula?

A

Depression between tongue base and epiglottis

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8
Q

Describe the thyroid cartilage

A

Anterior laryngeal prominence (Adam’s Apple)

Comprised of the superior and inferior thyroid horns

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9
Q

What shape is the cricoid cartilage?

A

Signet ring

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10
Q

What is the cricoid cartilage?

A

Most inferior cartilage in larynx

Completely encircles airway with 2 articulating facets on each side for the thyroid and arytenoid cartilage

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11
Q

What shape is the arytenoid cartilage?

A

Pyramid shape

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12
Q

What is the arytenoid cartilage involved in?

A

Vocal cord movement

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13
Q

At what vertebral level is the superior border of the thyroid cartilage?

A

C4

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14
Q

At what vertebral level is the cricoid cartilage found?

A

C6

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15
Q

What are the vocal cords?

A

Muscles and ligaments which vibrate to resonate and make sound

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16
Q

What eithelium covers the vocal cords?

A

Stratified squamous epithelia

17
Q

How are the vocal cords placed when breathing?

A

Open

18
Q

How are the vocal cords placed when eating?

A

Closed

19
Q

How are the vocal cords placed when speaking?

A

Partially open

20
Q

What is the function of the cricothyroid muscle?

A

Stretches and tenses vocal cords

21
Q

What is the function of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle?

A

Abducts vocal fold

22
Q

What is the function of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle?

A

Adducts vocal fold

23
Q

What is the function of the thyroarytenoid muscle?

A

Relaxes vocal fold

24
Q

What is the function of the transverse and oblique arytenoid muscles?

A

Close intercartilaginous portion of rima glottidis

25
Q

What is the function of the vocalis muscle?

A

Relaxes posterior vocal ligament

26
Q

What nerve supplies the cricothyroid muscle?

A

External laryngeal nerve

27
Q

What 2 arteries supply the larynx?

A

Superior laryngeal artery

Inferior laryngeal artery

28
Q

What 2 veins drain the larynx?

A

Superior laryngeal vein

Inferior laryngeal vein

29
Q

What symptoms will be experienced with unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy?

A

Hoarse voice

Short of breath

30
Q

What symptoms will be experienced with bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy?

A

Aphonia
Very short of breath
CVS problems
Respiratory systems

31
Q

What is the most common type of cancer found in the larynx?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

32
Q

What is epiglottitis?

A

Inflammation of the epiglottis

33
Q

What is trachea-bronchitis?

A

Inflammation of the trachea and bronchi

34
Q

What is laryngomalacia?

A

Soft immature upper larynx cartilage in infants collapses inward and causes airway obstruction