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Semester 4- Head and Neck > 10.2 The Pharynx and Disorders of the Pharynx > Flashcards

10.2 The Pharynx and Disorders of the Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the nasopharynx?

A

Between base of skull and start of soft palate

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2
Q

What epithelium is found in the nasopharynx?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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3
Q

What does the nasopharynx contain?

A

Adenoids and eustachian tube orifice

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4
Q

Where is the oropharynx?

A

Behind oral cavity. From soft palate to superior border of epiglottis

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5
Q

What epithelium is found in the oropharynx?

A

Stratifies squamous epithelium

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6
Q

What does the oropharynx contain?

A

Palatine tonsils

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7
Q

What are the palatine tonsils?

A

Lymphoid tissue covered in squamous epithelium and encapsulated in large crypts.

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8
Q

Where are the palatine tonsils found within the oropharynx?

A

Between the palatoglossal arch (anterior) and palatopharyngeal (posterior) arch

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9
Q

What are the 4 types of lymph tissue which make up Waldeyer’s ring?

A

Pharyngeal
Tubal
Palatine
Lingual

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10
Q

Where is the epiglottis?

A

Between superior border of epiglottis and inferior border of cricoid cartilage

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11
Q

What type of epithelia is found in the laryngopharynx?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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12
Q

What does the laryngopharynx open up into posteriorly?

A

Oesophagus

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13
Q

What does the laryngopharynx open up into anteriorly?

A

Trachea

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14
Q

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the nasopharynx?

A

Maxillary nerve

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15
Q

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the oropharynx?

A

Glossophayngeal nerve

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16
Q

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the laryngopharynx?

A

Vagus nerve

17
Q

Which vessels supply the pharynx?

A

Ascending pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial
Maxillary

18
Q

What vessels drain the pharynx?

A

Pharyngeal venous plexus

19
Q

Name the 3 circular muscles around the pharynx

A

Superior constrictor
Middle constrictor
Inferior constrictor

20
Q

What nerve innervates the constrictor muscles of the pharynx?

A

Vagus

21
Q

Where do the constrictor muscles attach to posteriorly?

A

Anterior raphe

22
Q

What are the 2 parts of the inferior constrictor?

A

Thyropharyngeus

Cricopharyngeus

23
Q

Name the 3 longitudinal muscles of the pharynx

A

Stylopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus

24
Q

Where is the pathway of the stylopharyngeus muscle?

A

Styloid process to pharynx

25
Q

Where is the pathway of the palatopharyngeus muscle?

A

Hard palate to pharynx

26
Q

Where is the pathway of the salpingopharyngeus muscle?

A

Eustachian tube to pharynx

27
Q

Which nerve innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle?

A

Glossophayngeal nerve

28
Q

Which nerve innervates the salpingopharyngeus and palatopharyngeus muscle?

A

Vagus nerve

29
Q

How is the pharynx involved with swallowing?

A

Food pushed from oral cavity to oropharynx
Tongue and suprahyoid muscles pull hyoid and larynx up
Soft palate elevates and nasopharynx is sealed off
Superior constrictors contract
Food bolus passes into laryngopharynx using middle and inferior constricters
Cricopharyngeus relaxes

30
Q

What are the effects on enlarged adenoids?

A 
Mouth breathing
Hyponasal speech
Breastfeeding difficulty 
Snoring
Otitis media
31
Q

What is obstructive sleep apnoea?

A

Partial airway constriction when sleeping. Results in snoring and daytime tiredness

32
Q

What is an adenoidectomy?

A

Removal of the adenoids

33
Q

What is a tonsilectomy?

A

Removal of pallatine tonsils

34
Q

What is a pharyngeal pouch?

A

Posterior herniation of the pharyngeal mucosa through the gap between the 2 parts of the inferior constrictor muscle. Incoordination of swallowing, cricopharyngea spasms and bad breath

Semester 4- Head and Neck (20 decks)

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