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Semester 4- Head and Neck > 5.1 Anatomy of the Orbit, Orbital Region and Eyeball > Flashcards

5.1 Anatomy of the Orbit, Orbital Region and Eyeball Flashcards

1
Q

Which 6 bones make up the orbit?

A 
Frontal
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Lacrimal
Maxilla
Zygomatic
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2
Q

Name the 4 openings in the orbital cavity

A

Optic canal
Superior orbital fissure
Inferior orbital fissure
Nasolacrimal canal

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3
Q

What structures lie in the optic canal?

A

Optic nerve and optic artery

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4
Q

What structures lie in the superior orbital fissure?

A 
Lacrimal nerve
Frontal nerve
Trochlear nerve
Oculomotor nerve
Nasociliary nerve
Abducens nerve

Superior ophthalmic vein

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5
Q

What structures lie in the inferior orbital fissure?

A

Maxillary nerve
Inferior ophthalmic vein
Sympathetic nerves

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6
Q

What is the purpose of the nasolacrimal canal?

A

Drains tears to nasal cavity

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7
Q

Which bone are the optic canal, superior and inferior orbital fissure located in?

A

Sphenoid bone

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8
Q

What is an orbital rim fracture?

A

Fracture of the bones forming the outer rim of the bony orbit ie. Maxilla, zygomatic and frontal bones

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9
Q

What is a blowout fracture?

A

Contents of the orbit partially herniate into the maxillary sinus. Patient cannot look up as inferior rectus muscle is trapped

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10
Q

What is exophthalmos?

A

Protrusion of the eye due to increased intraocular pressure

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11
Q

What makes up the outer fibrous layer of the eyeball?

A

Sclera and cornea

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12
Q

What makes up the middle vascular layer of the eyeball?

A

Choroid, iris and ciliary body

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13
Q

What makes up the inner layer of the eyeball?

A

Retina

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14
Q

What is retinal detachment?

A

The retina becomes free of the choroid so loses its blood supply and undergoes necrosis

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15
Q

Where is fluid produced in the eye?

A

Ciliary bodies

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16
Q

Where does fluid in the eye drain to?

A

Trabecular meshwork

17
Q

What is open angle glaucoma?

A

Trabecular meshwork of eye becomes blocked so there is an accumulation of fluid in the aqueous humour. Increased pressure in the eye results in damage to the optic nerve and a loss of vision

18
Q

What are cataracts?

A

Lens of the eye becomes harder and flattened

19
Q

Name the 6 muscles around the eyeball and in what direction they move it

A 
Superior rectus- look superiorly
Medial rectus- look medially
Inferior rectus- look inferiorly
Lateral rectus- look laterally
Superior oblique- rotate down
Inferior oblique- rotate up
20
Q

What nerve supplies the lateral rectus muscle?

A

Abducens nerve

21
Q

What nerve supplies the superior, medial and inferior rectus muscles?

A

Oculomotor nerve

22
Q

What nerve supplies the inferior oblique muscle?

A

Oculomotor nerve

23
Q

What nerve supplies the superior oblique muscle?

A

Trochlear nerve

24
Q

How can the superior oblique muscle be tested?

A

Look medially and down.

Problem: patient won’t be able to look down

25
Q

How can the inferior oblique muscle be tested?

A

Patient will not be able to look medially and upwards

26
Q

What are the origins of the ophthalmic artery?

A

Branch of the internal carotid artery

27
Q

What happens if there is an occlusion of the ophthalmic artery?

A

Retina turns pale as the branches of the ophthalmic artery are end arteries

28
Q

Where does the blood supply of the eye drain to?

A

Central retinal vein –> Superior ophthalmic vein –> Cavernous sinus

29
Q

What does central retinal vein occlusion cause?

A

Blurry vision when dehydrated and pressure on the optic disk.

30
Q

What is the function of the lacrimal gland?

A

Produces fluid which is swept over the eye

31
Q

What is the function of the eyelid?

A

Protects against injury, dryness and excessive light

32
Q

What area of the eye does the bulbar conjunctiva cover?

A

Sclera of the eye

33
Q

What area of the eye does the palpebral conjunctiva cover?

A

Inner lining of eye socket

34
Q

What is conjunctivitis?

A

Inflammation of the bulbar conjunctiva

35
Q

What is the difference between tarsal gland inflammation and ciliary gland inflammation?

A

Tarsal gland inflammation is painless swelling of the eyelid. Ciliary gland inflammation is more serious and needs antibiotics to treat

36
Q

What muscle opens the eye?

A

Levator palpebrae superioris

37
Q

What nerve innervates the levator palpebrae superioris?

A

CN III (Oculomotor)

38
Q

What muscle closes the eye?

A

Orbicularis oculi

39
Q

What nerve innervates the orbicularis oculi?

A

CN VII (Facial)

Semester 4- Head and Neck (20 decks)

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