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Semester 4- Head and Neck > 4.1 Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

4.1 Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of CN I?

A

Olfactory nerve

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2
Q

What is the function of the Olfactory nerve?

A

Provide a sense of smell

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3
Q

Where does CN I originate?

A

Olfactory mucosa –> cribriform plate –> olfactory bulb

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4
Q

What is anosmia?

A

Lack of smell

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5
Q

What can cause anosmia?

A

Trauma, meningtitis

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6
Q

What is the name of CN II?

A

Optic nerve

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7
Q

Describe the pathway of CNII

A

Retina –> Optic tract –> Optic canal –> Primary visual cortex

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8
Q

What is the name of CN III?

A

Occulomotor

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9
Q

Where does CN III originate?

A

Oculomotor nucleus

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10
Q

Describe the pathway of CN III?

A

Superior orbital fissure and splits into superior and inferior oculomotor nerve.

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11
Q

What is the function of the optic nerve?

A

Sight

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12
Q

What is the function of CN III?

A

Movement of 4/6 of the extraocular eye muscles and levator palpebrae superioris

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13
Q

How will a CN III nerve palsy present?

A 
Down and out pupil
Enlarged pupil (mydriasis)
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14
Q

What is the name of CN IV?

A

Trochlear

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15
Q

What is the function of the trochlear nerve?

A

Moves eye down and in

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16
Q

Describe the pathway of CN IV

A

Trochlear nucleus –> cavernous sinus –> eye muscles

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17
Q

How may an infection on CN IV present?

A

Difficulty walking down the stairs

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18
Q

Why is CN IV susceptible to infections?

A

Longest and runs through cavernous sinus

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19
Q

What is the name of CN V?

A

Trigeminal

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20
Q

Where does the Trigeminal nerve originate?

A

Trigeminal sensory nucleus complex in the Pons

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21
Q

Name the 3 branches of CN V

A

Opthalmic (V1)
Maxillary (V2)
Mandibular (V3)

22
Q

What is the function of the trigeminal nerve?

A

General sensation to the face and innervation of the muscles of mastication

23
Q

What is trigeminal neuralgia?

A

Overactive sensory portion of CN V causes burning pain

24
Q

What is the name of CN VI?

A

Abducens Nerve

25
Q

Where does the abducens nerve originate?

A

Abducens nuclei in the pons

26
Q

What is the function of the abducens nerve?

A

Lateral eye movements

27
Q

What is the name of CN VII?

A

Facial nerve

28
Q

Name the motor branches of the facial nerve

A 
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical
29
Q

What do the sensory fibres of the facial nerve innervate?

A

Taste receptors of anterior 2/3rds of the tongue

30
Q

What do the parasympathetic fibres of the facial nerve innervate?

A

Salivary and lacrimal glands

31
Q

Which foramina do all branches of the facial nerve pass through?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

32
Q

What is Bell’s Palsy?

A

Idiopathic unilateral facial paralysis due to inflammation at the stylomastoid foramen

33
Q

What is the name of CN VIII?

A

Vestibulocochlear

34
Q

Describe the pathway of CN VIII

A

Cerebellopontine angle in the Pons, then splits into vestibular nerve and cochlear nerve.

35
Q

What is the function of the vestibular nerve?

A

Control of balance

36
Q

What is the function of the cochlear nerve?

A

Hearing

37
Q

What test is done to check for sensory and conductive hearing loss?

A

Rinne and Webbers test

38
Q

What is the name of CN IX?

A

Glossopharyngeal

39
Q

What does the glossopharyngeal nerve give motor innervation to?

A

Stylopharyngeus

40
Q

What does the glossopharyngeal nerve give sensory innervation to?

A

Oropharynx
Posterior 1/3rd tongue
Carotid sinus

41
Q

What does the glossopharyngeal nerve give parasympathetic innervation to?

A

Parotid gland

42
Q

Which pathway is CN IX in the gag reflex?

A

Afferent pathway

43
Q

What is the name of CN X?

A

Vagus nerve

44
Q

What does the vagus nerve give motor innervation to?

A

Muscles of the pharynx and larynx

45
Q

What does the vagus nerve give sensory innervation to?

A

Laryngopharynx, ear

46
Q

What does the vagus nerve give parasympathetic innervation to?

A

Heart, lungs, GI tract

47
Q

Which pathway is CN X in the gag reflex?

A

Efferent pathway

48
Q

What is the name of CN XI?

A

Accessory nerve

49
Q

Which artery does CN XI follow?

A

Internal carotid artery

50
Q

What does the Accessory nerve innervate?

A

SCM and trapezius

51
Q

What is the name of CN XII?

A

Hypoglossal

52
Q

What does the hypoglossal nerve innervate?

A

Intrinsic and extinsic muscles of the tongue

Semester 4- Head and Neck (20 decks)

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