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Sports Science > 8 - The Endocrine System > Flashcards

8 - The Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

The endocrine system

A

Is a series of glands that produce and secrete hormones that the body uses for a wide range of functions

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2
Q

Bodily functions that the endocrine function helps with

A
  • respiration
  • metabolism
  • reproduction

Helps to play an important role in homeostasis because hormones regulate activity of the body cells

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3
Q

Homeostasis

A

The ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions

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4
Q

Hormones

A

Molecules that signal a target cell to “do something”

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5
Q

Label the location of the major endocrine organs in the human body

A
  • hypothalamus
  • pituitary gland
  • pineal gland
  • thyroid gland
  • Thymus
  • adrenal gland
  • pancreas
  • ovaries
  • testes
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6
Q

Role of the pineal gland

A

Secretes melatonin

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7
Q

Role of the hypothalamus

A

Responsible for the metabolic process

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8
Q

Role of the pituitary gland

A

Senses the bodies needs and sends signals

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9
Q

Role of the thyroid gland

A

Metabolism, growth, heart, digestive function

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10
Q

Role of the adrenal gland

A

Enables the body to deal with stress and controls energy

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11
Q

Role of the pancreas

A
  • AIDS in food digestion

- controlling energy levels of blood

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12
Q

Role of the ovaries

A

Produces eggs

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13
Q

Role of the testes

A

Produces Sperm

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14
Q

Circulating hormones

A

Travel around the body in the blood.

Examples: Adrenaline and testosterone

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15
Q

Local hormones

A

Act on neighboring cells without entering the bloodstream and are usually inactivated quickly.

Examples: glucagon and Seratonin

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16
Q

The release of hormones

A

Release of most hormones occur in short bursts yet some occur over long periods of time in order to stimulate permanent changes in the body

17
Q

What do hormones affect

A

Hormones effect only specific target cells by chemically binding to specific receptors

Hormones are secreted by endocrine glands to regulate and coordinate a range of bodily functions

18
Q

Explain how circulating hormones are regulated

A
  • signal from the nervous system such as adrenaline
  • chemical changes in the blood such as insulin
  • other hormones such as growth hormones
19
Q

Explain the relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland

A
  • both responsible for maintaining homeostasis
  • both apart of the brain
  • the pituitary is located under the hypothalamus
  • the hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland
  • Neurohormones from the hypothalamus directly affect the pituitary gland
  • nerve impulses from the hypothalamus also stimulate the pituitary gland

The pituitary gland secretes growth hormones that help regulate a wide range of bodily functions including growth, water and temperature regulation

20
Q

Positive feedback loops

A
  • when a product of a reaction leads to an increase in that reaction / reinforce or increase changes in controlled conditions
  • an event will occur to discontinue the feedback
  • generally control infrequent conditions

Examples: Urine contractions / childbirths

21
Q

Negative feedback loops

A

When a product of a reaction leads to a decrease in that reaction / reverse system in the controlled condition / brings the body back to balance

Example: most feedback mechanism s regulate hormones in the human body

22
Q

Adrenaline

It’s job
It’s effects

A

Increase heart rate

  • prepares the body for a flight or fight response
  • increase heart rate
  • increase blood pressure
  • dizziness
  • enlarging pupils
  • tunnel vision
  • hearing loss
  • slow digestion
  • shaking
  • dry mouth
23
Q

Nor-adrenaline

A

Decreases heart rate

24
Q

What is ADH and it’s function

A

Anti-diuretic

Hormones helps to control blood pressure by acting in the kidneys and he blood vessels. It’s most important role is to conserve the fluid volume of your body by reducing the amount of water passed out in urine

When someone is dehydrated ADH will absorb more water

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