3 - Energy Systems Flashcards
List the Macronutrients
List the Micronutrients
Macronutrients
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Fat (lipids)
- Water
Micronutrients
- Minerals
- Vitamins
Functions of Carbohydrate
Functions of Fuel for your body Energy storage (short term)
Functions of Fat
Fuel storage
Hormones
Cell storage
Functions of Protein
Structure
Storage
Enzymes
Muscle building blocks
Functions of Water
Excretion
Lubrication
Transport
Medium for reactions
Functions of Minerals
Mineralization of bones and teeth
Blood oxygen transport
Defense against free radicals
Acid base balance
Functions of Vitamins
Energy release from macronutrients
Immune function
Eyesight
Chemical composition of the glucose molecule
1:2:1
or
C6H1206
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Identify a diagram representing the basic structure of a glucose molecule
hexagon (6 sides) with each corner being a “c” apart from one which is an “o” then lines come off the corner go to H and HO
Monosaccharides
The simplest form of glucose is made from one molecule and is easily absorbed.
Disaccharides
Two monosaccharides form Disaccharides with the loss of one molecule of water.
Examples: glucose, fructose and galactose
Polysaccharides
These are molecule chains longer than 10 molecules
Explain how glucose molecules can combine to form disaccharides and polysaccharides
When a Monosaccharide links together with a monosaccharide, disaccharide or polysaccharides by the removal of a water molecule.
Triglycerides
and where they’re found
Triglycerides are a type of fat (lipid) found in the blood. Our bodies convert any calories we don’t need right away into Triglycerides. Triglycerides are stored in fat cells.
Found in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle.
Composition of a Triglycerol
1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids
Saturated fats
Maximal number of hydrogen atoms on each carbon atom. Only contain single bonds between carbon atoms.
- no double bonds
- come from animal sources
- solid at room temperature
Examples:
- chicken
- pork
- tropical oils
Unsaturated fats:
Two hydrogen ions are missing, form double bonds between two carbon atoms.
- double bonds between atoms
- Liquid at room temperature
- Come from plant based foods
Examples:
- Cashew
- Nuts
- Avocado
- Sunflower oil
State the chemical composition of a protein molecule
Carbon :1
Hydrogen :1
Oxygen :1
Nitrogen:1