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1. Anatomy and Physiology > 8. Skull and facial bones > Flashcards

8. Skull and facial bones Flashcards

1
Q

When imaging the nasal bones, how should you image and what two landmarks should you include?

A

Always bilateral imaging including the anterior nasal spine and nasion

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2
Q

What do the nasal bones articulate with?

A
  1. Other nasal bone
  2. Frontal bone (nasion)
  3. Maxillae
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3
Q

What is the smallest bone in the face?

A

Lacrimal bone

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4
Q

Where do the tear ducts pass through?

A

Each of the lacrimal bones

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5
Q

Where is the lacrimal bone located?

A

Posterior and lateral to nasal bones

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6
Q

What do the lacrimal bones form?

A

The anterior part of the medial wall of each orbit

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7
Q

What does the maxillary bones form?

(3)

A
  1. Part of the lateral walls and most of the floor of the nasal cavity
  2. Part of the floor of the orbits
  3. 1/4 of the hard palate
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8
Q

What is the hard palate and what is its function?

A

It is the bony roof of the mouth and separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity and allows us to form a bolus

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9
Q

What is another name for the anterior nasal spine?

A

Acanthion

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10
Q

What are the four processes that come from the body of the maxillary?

A
  1. Frontal process
  2. Zygomatic process of the maxilla
  3. Alveolar process
  4. Palatine process
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11
Q

What bones articulate with the maxillary?

A

Every other facial bone exept the mandible

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12
Q

In a lateral image, how can you tell the left zygomatic process of the maxilla from the right?

A

The larger bone is closer, but in a lateral image, they should be superimposed

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13
Q

On a lateral skull, what anatomy do we use to asses the tilt of the skull?

A

Orbial plates of the frontal bone

(key word is skull)

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14
Q

Where is the inferior orbital fissue located?

A

Between the graeater wing of the sphenoid and maxilla

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15
Q

What are the landmarks located on the maxilla?

three

A
  1. Inferior orbital fissue
  2. Infraorbital foramen
  3. Maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve
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16
Q

On a lateral facial bone image, what structure to we look at to acess the tilt/rotation?

A

The zygomatic process

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17
Q

What forms the zygomatic arch?

A

The zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone

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18
Q

What processes are formed by the zygomatic bones?

4

A
  1. Frontal process of zygomatic bone
  2. Temporal process of zygomatic bone
  3. Sphenoid process of zygomatic bone
  4. Maxillary process of zygomatic bone
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19
Q

What does the zygomatic bone articulate with?

4

A
  1. Frontal bone
  2. Temporal bone
  3. Sphenoid
  4. Maxillary
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20
Q

What is the function of the soft palate?

A

Closes the nasopharynx

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21
Q

Where does the palatine bones acessend?

A

Accends between the maxilla and the pterygoid processes of sphenoid

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22
Q

What does the palatine bone form?

Vertical-three

A
  1. The posterior nasal cavity
  2. Posteriomedial orbit (the tip)
  3. Posterior 1/4 of the hard palate
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23
Q

What do the inferior nasal conche form?

A
  1. Inferior lateral wall of the nasal cavity
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24
Q

What is the function of the 3 pairs of nasal conche?

A

Increase the surface area of the nasal cavity and help swirl and filter air before it passes into the lungs

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25
Q

What does the vomer form?

A

The inferior portion of the bony nasal septum

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26
Q

Which way does the vomer slide?

A

It slants superiorly and posteriorly from anterior nasal spine

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27
Q

What is the only moveable skull bone?

A

Mandible

Also the largest, strongest facial bone

28
Q

What are the two parts of the mandible?

A
  1. Ramus-Vertical part
  2. Body-horizontal part
29
Q

What is the place called where the ramus and body of the mandible meet?

A

Angle/Gonion

30
Q

What 3 cranial bones make up the orbits?

A
  1. Frontal Bone
  2. Sphenoid
  3. Ethmoid
31
Q

Where is the hyoid bone suspended

Be specific

A

Suspended from the styloid process (located on the tympanic portion) of the temporal bones by muscles and ligaments

32
Q

What bone is located anteriorly between the mandible and the larynx?

A

The hyoid bone

33
Q

What does the hyoid bone articulate with?

A

No other bone

34
Q

What does the frontal process of the maxillae articulate with?

A

The nasal bone and the frontal bone

35
Q

What does the zygomatic process of the maxillae articulate with?

A

The zygoma

36
Q

What does the alveolar process articulate with?

A

8 teeth

37
Q

What does the palatine process of the maxillae articulate with?

A
  1. Incisive foramen
38
Q

What does the palatine process of maxillae form?

A

The anteiror 3/4 of the hard palate

39
Q

What are the landmarks located on the ramus of the mandible?

A
  1. Mandibular condyle
  2. Coronoid process
  3. Mandibular notch
40
Q

What does the mandibular condyle articulate with and what does it form?

A

The mandibular fossa of the Squamous portion of the temporal bone to form the TMJ

41
Q

The coronoid process of the ramus on the mandible is the attchment for what muscle?

A

The temporalis muscle

42
Q

Where is the mandibular notch located?

A

In the area between the coronoid process and the condyle of the mandible

43
Q

What are the landmarks located on the body of the mandible?

4

A
  1. Alveolar process
  2. Symphsis menti
  3. Mental protuberance
  4. Mental foramen
44
Q

Where is the mental foramen located?

A

Below the 2nd premolar/bicuspid tooth

45
Q

What is C3 the landmark for?

A

The angle/gonoin of the mandible

46
Q

What forms the circumfernce of the orbit?

3

A
  1. Frontal bone
  2. zygomatic bone
  3. Maxillary
47
Q

What forms the floor of the orbit?

3

A
  1. Maxillary
  2. zygomatic
  3. Palatine
48
Q

Where do blow out fractures occur?

A

At the floor of the orbit

49
Q

What bones form the medial wall of the orbit?

A
  1. Ethmoid
  2. Lacrimal
  3. Maxillary
50
Q

What forms the roof of the orbit?

2

A
  1. Mainly frontal bone (orbital plates)
  2. Lesser wing of sphenoid
51
Q

What forms the lateral wall of the orbit?

A
  1. Frontal process of zygomatic
  2. Greater wing of sphenoid
52
Q

What is the thickest and thinnest part of the orbital wall?

A

Thickest: Lateral wall of orbit
Thinnest: Medial wall of orbit

53
Q

Where is the TMJ located in relation to the EAM and what type of joint(s) is it?

A

TMJ is anterior and slightly superior to the EAM. It is a synovial, diarthrosis joint as well as a hinge and gliding joint.

54
Q

What is the term that describes the amount that the condyle moves?

A

Excursion

55
Q

What does the mandibular condyle articulate with?

A

With the mandibular fossa of the zygomatic process of the tempral bone

56
Q

Air filled structurees that all communicate with nasal cavity are called what?

A

The paranasal sinuses

57
Q

What is the purpose of the paranasal sinuses?

4

A
  1. Resonating chamber for the boice
  2. Decrease weight of skull
  3. Help warm and moisten air inhaled
  4. Act as shock absorbers in trama
58
Q

What is the most superior paranasal sinus?

A

The frontal sinus

59
Q

Where is the frontal sinus located?

A

Between the 2 tables of squama

wut

60
Q

Where are the sphenoid sinuses located?

A

In the body of the sphenoid

Have to open mouth to see on an AP

61
Q

Where are the ethmoid sinuses located?

A

On the lateral masses of the ethmoid

62
Q

What are the 3 different groups of ethmoid sinuses?

A
  1. Anterior
  2. Middle
  3. Posterior
63
Q

What is the largest paranasal sinus?

A

The maxillary sinuses

64
Q

Where is the maxillary sinus located?

A

The the body of the maxillae

65
Q

What is the floor of the maxillary sinus called?

A

The maxillary antrum

66
Q

In a frontal view of the maxillary, what shape does the maxillary sinus appear to be in? What about a lateral view?

A

Frontal: Appear pyrimid shaped
Lateral: Appear more cube shaped

67
Q

Why do we tilt the head down when imaging maxillary?

A

To lower the petrus ridges to get them out of the way to see the fluid in the sinuses

1. Anatomy and Physiology (10 decks)

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