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1. Anatomy and Physiology > 3. Skeletal System > Flashcards

3. Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 functions of the skeletal system?

A
  1. Support
  2. Protection
  3. Assistance in movement
  4. Mineral homeostasis
  5. Blood cell production
  6. Triglyceride storage
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2
Q

What does red bone marrow produce?

A

Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

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3
Q

Name all areas where the red bone marrow is located;

A

-Flat bones: Skull, sternum, scapula, ribs, ilia of pelvis
-Irregular bone; vertebrae
-Trabecular bone of PROXIMAL femur and PROXIMAL humorous

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4
Q

What does yellow bone marrow store?

A

Stem cells that produce fat (yellow bone marrow stores fat)

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5
Q

Where is yellow bone marrow located?

A

-In the spaces of the trabecular bone
-In the medullary cavity of long bones

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6
Q

Label and review bone diagram

A

DO IT JOSIE JUST DO IT

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7
Q

What are the four types of bone tissue and what do each do?

A
  1. Osteoprogenitor cells: Stem cells that produce osteoblasts
  2. Osteoblasts: Build up bone
  3. Osteocytes: Mature bone cells
  4. Osteoclasts: Break down bone=reabsorption
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8
Q

What is the term for blood cell production?

A

Hemopoiesis

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9
Q

What is compact bone made of?

A

Units of Osteons/Haversian systems

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10
Q

What is spongy bone made of?

A

Spongy bone consists of plates (trabeculae) and bars of bone adjacent to small, irregular cavities that contain red bone marrow.

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11
Q

What are the five classifications of bone? Provide examples for each.

A
  1. Long bone: Upper+lower extremities
  2. Short bone: Carpal and tarsal bones
  3. Irregular bones: Vertebrae, facial bones
  4. Flat bones: Skull cap, sternum, ribs, scapula, illium
  5. Sesamoid: Patella, inferior great toe, medial thumb
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12
Q

Where do sesamoid bones develop?

A

Beside or inside tendons

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13
Q

What does the endosteum line?

A

The medullary cavity

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14
Q

What irregular bone is responsible for blood cell formation?

A

Vertebrae

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15
Q

What are the two methods of bone formation?

A
  1. Intramembranous Ossification
  2. Endochondral Ossification
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16
Q

Where does intramembranous ossification occur?

A
  1. Flat bones of skull and facial bones
  2. Medial ends of clavicles
17
Q

Describe endochondral Ossification

A

It is the replacement of cartilage with bone and is the method by which bones grow (increase in length) and how fractures are repaired

18
Q

Describe the lengthening of bones:

A

-The resting cartilage is located above the epiphysis
-New chondrocytes located in the zone of proliferating cartilage pushes out old cartilage, increasing the diaphysis in length

19
Q

What is an Apophysis?

A

A bony region that develops separately from a separate ossification centre. It forms an important insertion point for ligaments or tendons

20
Q

Where are Apophysis located?

A

-Tibial Tubercle
-Greater+lesser trochanters
-Iliac crest
-Base of 5th MT

21
Q

Describe the 3 phases of fracture and repair of bone:

A
  1. The reactive phase-is an early inflammatory phase
    2.The reparative phase-formation of fibrocartilaginous callus first, and bony callus second
  2. Bone Remodelling-Bony Callus is remodeled
22
Q

What is a hemarthrosis?

A

Blood/fluid density shown in Hoffa’s triangle, is not necessarily a fracture

23
Q

What is a lipoarthrosis?

A

Release of bone marrow contents into the joint capsule, dark, straight black line inferior to the patella. Indicative of a fracture.

24
Q

How should you image to find a hemo/lipohemo arthrosis?

A

Cross table lateral-dorsal decubitus

25
Q

What two things increase blood calcium levels? What decreases it?

A

Increases: PTH and Osteoclasts

Decreases: Calcitonin

26
Q

How do we know radiographically that a fracture is healing?

A

Bone reabsorption (endochondral calcification)-bone disappearing at the end of a fracture

27
Q

Define and give example of a ramus:

A

Curved bone-Mandibular ramus

28
Q

Define and give example of a crest:

A

Prominent ridge of bone for muscle attachment-iliac crest

29
Q

Define and give an example of a condyle:

A

Smooth, large-rounded articular process that forms joints-femur medial condyle

30
Q

Define and give an example of a faucet:

A

Smooth, flat articular surface-superior articular facet (cartilage)

31
Q

Define and give an example of epicondyle

A

The roughened projection above condyle for tendon/ligament attachment-medial/lateral elbow

32
Q

Define and give an example of the following depressions and openings:

-Fossa
-Foramen
-Canal
-Sulcus
-Meatus

A

-Fossa: Shallow depression in or on a bone (glenoid fossa)
-Foramen: Rounded passageway for blood vessels (optic nerve)
-Canal: Large passageway through the bone (internal auditory canal)
-Sulcus: Furrow along bone surface that accommodates vessels (lateral sulcus)
-Meatus: Tube like opening (EAM)

1. Anatomy and Physiology (10 decks)

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