2. Cells and Tissues

Question 1

What are three things that the lipid bilayer is highly permeable to?

Answer 1

1. O2
2. CO2
3. steroids

Question 2

What are 2 things that the lipid bilayer is moderately permeable to?

Answer 2

1. Water
2. Urea

Question 3

Define Concentration gradient and Electric Gradient

Answer 3

Concentration gradient: The difference in concentration of a CHEMICAL in and out of cell
Electrical gradient: The difference in concentration
of an ION in and out of cell

Question 4

What are the two general types of transport across the membrane?

Answer 4

Active and passive

Question 5

Describe passive processes

Answer 5

1. Substance moving from higher to lower concentration (down electrochemical gradient)
2. Requires no energy

Question 6

What are 3 examples of passive processes?

Answer 6

1. Simple diffusion
2. Facilitated diffusion (requires ion channel)
3. Osmosis

Question 7

Describe Active processes

Answer 7

Requires cellular energy to move a substance against electrochemical gradient

Question 8

What are 3 types of active processes?

Answer 8

1. Active transport (NaK pump)
2. Vesicular transport
3. Endo/exocytosis

Question 9

What are 3 functions of connective tissue?

Answer 9

1. Stores fat (energy)
2. Binds together, supports, and strengthens other tissue
3. Main source of immune responses

Question 10

What are the 5 types of mature connective tissue?

Answer 10

1. Loose connective tissue (adipose)
2. Dense Connective tissue
3. Cartilage
4. Bone Tissue (compact/cortical and spongy/trabecular)
5. Liquid connective tissue (blood and lymph)

Question 11

What are the 3 types of dense connective tissue?

Answer 11

1. Tendons
2. Ligaments
3. Aponeuroses

Question 12

What are the three types of cartilage connective tissue?

Answer 12

1. Hyaline Cartilage
2. Fibrocartilage
3. Elastic Cartilage

Question 13

What is a strain?

Answer 13

Damage to tendon

Question 14

What is a sprain?

Answer 14

Damage to ligament

Question 15

Define tendon and ligament (what they join to)

Answer 15

Tendon: Joins muscle to bone
-Fibres run parallel
Ligament: Joins bone to bone
-Fibres crisscross

Question 16

Define aponeuroses

Answer 16

They are sheetlike tendons that connect MUSCLE TO MUSCLE or MUSCLE TO BONE

Question 17

What is the strongest type of cartilage?

Answer 17

Fibrocartilage

Question 18

What type of connective tissue does not have blood vessels or nerves in the ECM?

Answer 18

Cartilage

Question 19

Give 3 examples of fibrocartilage

Answer 19

Pubic symphysis, meniscus, IV discs

Question 20

Give 2 examples of hyaline cartilage

Answer 20

Ribs, nose

Question 21

Give 2 examples of Elastic Cartilage

Answer 21

Epiglottis, part of the ear