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1. Anatomy and Physiology > 7. Cranium > Flashcards

7. Cranium Flashcards

1
Q

What bones are part of the axial skeleton?

A

-Skull bones
-Auditory ossicles (ear bones)
-Hyoid bone
-Ribs
-Sternum
-Bones of the vertebral column

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2
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the cranial bones?

A
  1. Calvaria (Skull Cap)
  2. Floor or Base
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3
Q

What does the Calvaria consist of?

4

A

-1 Frontal bone
-1 Occipital bone
-2 Parietal bones
-2 outer plates of compact bone and inner layer of spongy or trabecular bone called Diploë (red bone marrow)

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4
Q

What does the floor or base consist of?

A
  • 1 Ethmoid bone
  • 1 Sphenoid bone
  • 1 Occipital bone
  • 1 Frontal bone
  • 2 Temporal bones
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5
Q

What are the 3 regions of the **base **of the skull?

A
  1. Anterior Cranial Fossa
  2. Middle Cranial Fossa
  3. Posterior Cranial Fossa
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6
Q

What does the Anterior Cranial fossa contain?

A

Houses frontal lobe of cerebrum

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7
Q

What does the middle cranial fossa house?

A

Houses temporal lobes of cerebrum

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8
Q

What does the posterior cranial fossa house?

A

Houses cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata

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9
Q

What are the parts of the frontal bone?

two

A
  1. Vertical part (frontal squama)
  2. Horizontal part
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10
Q

What does the vertical part of the frontal bone contain(2), and what does it form?

A

-Contain the frontal sinuses, and frontal squama
-Forms the forehead and anterior part of cranial vault

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11
Q

What does the horizontal part of the frontal bone make up?

three

A

-Orbital plates
-Part of roof of nasal cavity
-Greater part of floor of anterior cranial fossa

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12
Q

What are the benefits of the orbital plates for an MRT?

A

How we determine the tilt side to side of the skull (no tilt when head straight)

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13
Q

What is the glabella?

A

(Smooth elevation between superciliary arches)

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14
Q

What are the articulations of the frontal bone?

six

A

-Parietal bones (right and left)
-Sphenoid
-Ethmoid
-Nasal bones
-Nasion
-Zygoma

PENNZS

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15
Q

What landmarks on the parietal bones make up the widest portion of the skull?

A

Parietal eminences marks the widest portion of the skull

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16
Q

What are the articulations of the parietal bone?

five

A

-Frontal
-Temporal
-Occipital
-Sphenoid
-Opposite parietal bone

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17
Q

What forms the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Occipital bone

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18
Q

Where is the location of the occipital bone on the skull?

A

Situated at the posteroinferior part of skull

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19
Q

What are the four parts of the occipital bone?

A

1.Squama
2.Two occipital condyles
(Where C1 articulates with skull)
3.Basilar portion

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20
Q

What are the landmarks located on the occipital bone?

6

A

-External Occipital Protuberance (Inion)
-Nuchal Lines
-Foramen Magnum
-Hypoglossal canals (Hypoglossal nerve)
-Jugular Foramen
-Foramen Lacerum

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21
Q

What does the internal jugular vein do?

A

Internal Jugular vein drains venous blood from brain

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22
Q

What are the articulations of the occipital bone?

A

-Atlantooccipital joint -C1
-Parietal bones
-Temporal
-Sphenoid

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23
Q

What forms the atlantooccipital joint? What movement does this allow?

A

Occipital condyles form this (allows us to say no)

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24
Q

What sections of the cranium does the temporal bone form?

A

-A large part of the middle cranial fossa and a small part of the posterior cranial fossa
-Forms the inferior lateral parts of skull

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25
Q

What portions/bones does the temporal bone consist of?

A

1.Squamous portion
2.Tympanic portion
3.Petrous ridges or pyramids
4.Mastoid process

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26
Q

What important landmarks are located on the temporal bone?

A

-Carotid Canal (Internal carotid artery)
-Jugular Foramen
-Foramen Lacerum
-EAM
-Internal Auditory Canal
(vestibulocochlear and facial nerves (7&8)

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27
Q

What parts of the cranium does the sphenoid form?

A

-Forms part of anterior and middle cranial fossa
-Keystone bone of the cranial floor

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28
Q

What does the sphenoid bone consist of?

A

1 Body
2 lesser wings
2 greater wings
2 pterygoid processes

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29
Q

What part of the cranium does the ethmoid form?

A

-Part of anterior portion of the anterior cranial fossa
-Medial wall of the orbits
-Superior portion of bony nasal septum
and sidewalls of nasal cavity

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30
Q

Where is the ethmoid bone located?

A

-Anterior to the sphenoid and posterior to nasal bones

31
Q

Whatare the landmarks on the ethmoid bone

five

A

1.Cribriform Plate
2.Crista Galli
3.Perpendicular Plate
4..Lateral Masses
5.Middle nasal conche

32
Q

What does the cribriform plate contain?

A

-Horizontal plate
-Contains foramina (olfactory nerves 1)

33
Q

Where is the Crista Galli located? What attachment does it make up?

A

-Sits on cribriform plate
Attachment for Falx Cerebri

34
Q

What does the falx cerebri do?

A

Is a membrane that separates hemispheres of brain

35
Q

What bone forms the superior part of the bony nasal septum

A

Perpendicular Plate

36
Q

What part of the ethmoid contains the ethmoid sinuses?

A

Lateral masses

37
Q

What two things does the lateral masses form?

A

-Form the superior and middle nasal conchae
-Form the medial wall of orbits

38
Q

What makes up the zygomatic arch?

A

Zygomatic process (temporal bone) + Temporal process (zygomatic bone

39
Q

What portion of the temporal bone creates the Zygomatic process, Mandibular fossa, and Condyle of mandible

A

Squamous portion

40
Q

What forms the TM joint?

A

The condyle of mandible articulating with mandibular fossa

41
Q

What portion of the temporal bone consists of the EAM and Styloid process

A

Tympanic portion

42
Q

What does the hyoid bone hangs off of?

A

Styloid process on Tympanic portion of the temporal bone

43
Q

What portion of the temporal bone consists of the mastoid process

A

Mastoid portion

44
Q

What bone/landmark contains mastoid air cells that communicate with space in the middle ear

A

The mastoid process located on the mastoid portion of the temporal bone

45
Q

What portion of the temporal bone contains the cochlea and semi-circular canals?

A

Petrous portion

46
Q

What is another name for Petrous portion and which way does it project?

A

-Called petrous ridges or pyramids
-Project anteriorly and medially

47
Q

What is the thickest, densest bone in skull?

A

Petrous portion of the temporal bone

48
Q

What is the landmark for the top petrous ridges?

A

Top of Ear Attachment (TEA)

49
Q

What part of the sphenoid forms posterior bony wall of nasal cavity?

A

The body

50
Q

What is on the superior surface of the body on the sphenoid?

A

Sella Turcica

51
Q

What houses the pituitary gland (hypophyseal fossa)?

A

Sella turcica

52
Q

What is the anterior border of the sella turcica called?

A

Tuberculum sellae

53
Q

What is the posterior border of the sella turcica called?

A

Dorsum sellae

53
Q

What is the top borders of dorsum of the sella turcica called?

A

Posterior clinoid processes

54
Q

Where do the pons sit against?

A

pons sits against the clivus

55
Q

What are the 2 parts of the lesser wings on the sphenoid?

A

Triangular and horizontal

56
Q

What do the lesser wings of the sphenoid form?

four

A
  1. posteromedial portion of the roofs of the orbits
  2. optic foramen and the optic canals
  3. upper margin of the superior orbital fissures
  4. anterior clinoid processes
57
Q

What does the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery pass through?

A

Optic foramen

58
Q

What do the greater wings of the sphenoid form?

Three

A
  1. posterolateral walls of the orbits
  2. Lower margin of the superior orbital fissures
  3. Part of the middle cranial fossa
59
Q

What 3 foramens does the greater wings contain?

A
  1. Foramen Ovale
  2. Foramen Rotundum
  3. Foramen Spinosum
60
Q

What does the Pterygoid processes of the sphenoid form?

A

-Inferior processes off the sphenoid body and greater wings
-Forms the posterolateral region of nasal cavity

61
Q

What are the 3 types of skulls and what are their degrees?

A

Mesocephalic skull (47 degrees)
Brachycephalic skull (54 degrees)
Dolichocephalic skull (40 degrees)

62
Q

What bones form the anterior cranial fossa?

A
  1. orbital part plates (frontal bone)
  2. Ethmoid bone
  3. lesser wings and anterior part of the body
63
Q

What are the 4 sutures of the skull?

A

Coronal
Saggital
Lamboidal
Squamosal

64
Q

Where is the coronal suture located?

A

Between frontal and parietal

65
Q

Where is the sagittal suture located?

A

Superior mdiline between pariatal

66
Q

Where is the lambdoidal suture located?

A

Posteriorly between occipital bone and both parietal bones

67
Q

Where is the squamosal suture located?

A

Lateral part of skull between parietal and temporal bones

68
Q

What is the Bregma?

A

Where coronal and sagittal sutures meet, between the frontal and two parietal bones.

69
Q

What is the Lambda?

A

Posterior end of sagittal suture

70
Q

What is the Pterions (Right and Left)?

A

Junction of the parietal, temporal, and greater wing of sphenoid
Landmark for the middle meningeal artery

71
Q

What is the Asterions (Right and Left)?

A

Posterior to the ear where the squamosal, saggital, and lambdoidal sutures meet

72
Q

What are some important landmarks located on the frontal bone?

five

A

-Frontal eminences
-Supraorbital margins
-Superciliary arches
-Supraorbital foramina
-Glabella

1. Anatomy and Physiology (10 decks)

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