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🌍Geography > 8 River Action > Flashcards

8 River Action Flashcards

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1
Q

Source

A

Place where a river begins
High ground

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2
Q

Tributary

A

Stren or river that joins a larger one

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3
Q

Confluence

A

The junction wheree two rivers join

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4
Q

Mouth

A

Place where a river enters sea or lake

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5
Q

Estuary

A

found at mouth of river where rivers current and seas tide meet

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6
Q

Drainage basin

A

Entire area of land drained by a river and its tributaries

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7
Q

Watershed

A

Area of high ground that separates one basin from another

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8
Q

Course

A

Distance river reacels from source to mouth

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9
Q

Fluvial

A

refers to processes associated with rivers and streams and the deposits and landforks created bt them

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10
Q

5 Typess of river drainage patterns

A

Dendritic
Trellis
Radial
Parallel
Deranged

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11
Q

What does a dendritic pattern look like

A

Branches of a tree
Random
Upland areas

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12
Q

What does a trellis drainage pattern look like

A

Ladder
Right angled confluences
Found where folding had occured

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13
Q

What does a radial drainage pattern look likke

A

Spokes of a wheel
Rivers run off a mountin or conical hill
Radiate from peak outwards

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14
Q

What does a parallel drainage pattern look like

A

rivers flow parallel
Run across valleys

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15
Q

What does a deranged drainage pattern look like

A

Streams have no particular direction
Lowland areas subjected to glacial deposition

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16
Q

What are the 4 Proccesses of river erosion

A

1.Hydraulic action
2.Abrasion/Corrasion
3.Attrition
4.Solution/Corrosion

17
Q

factors that affect rate of river erosion

A

1.Vol of water
(Rivers in flood erode faster as theyve
more energy)
2.Speed/Velocity
(Erode faster when flow faster)
(this is affected by gradient and water
perimeter)
3.Hardness of rock
(Softer rocks are eroded easier)

18
Q

What is hydraulic action

A

River bed +bank is eroded by force of moving water. Loose fragments swept away
Joints of rocks englarged

19
Q

What is abrasion/corrasion

A

Material picked up by moving river erodes bed and bank of river

20
Q

What is attrition

A

Rocks nd pebbles rub against eachother as theyre moved by river.
Makes them smoother and smaller

21
Q

Solution/Corrosion

A

Soluble rocks in river channel are dissolved by acids in water
E.g Limestone dissolved by carbonic acid

22
Q

4 Processes of river transportation

A

1.Solution
2.Suspension
3.Saltation
4.Traction

23
Q

What is solution (transportation)

A

Dissolved rocks are carried in a solution
(Requires least energy)

24
Q

What is suspension

A

light materials (sand,clay) r carried by moving water as a suspendded load.
common in times of flood when water is brown

25
Q

What is saltation

A

Small light rocks/penbles are bounced along riverbed

26
Q

What is traction

A

Heavy materials are rolled dragged along riverbbed
(Requires most energy)

27
Q

When does a river depostit its load

A

1.Volume decreasss
(dry season, floods recede, water taken for agri use,)
2.Speed decreases
(enters a sea, increase in roughness)

28
Q

What is the wetted perimeter of a river

A

The area of the riverbed and bank that comes into contact with water
PART THATS WET

29
Q

Another name for youthful stage of a river

A

Upper valley

30
Q

Characteristics of upper valley/youthful stage

A

Upland area
few tributaries
Small vol of water
Steep gradient
Quick flow
Vertical erosion

31
Q

Landforms of youthful stage/upper valley

A

V shaped valley
Interlocking spurs
Waterfalls

32
Q

What are eddy currents

A

Swirling action of water
usually occurs as water enters a hole

33
Q

Formation of V Shaped Valley

A

1.Vertical erosion. Water uses energy to erode downwards
2. Weathering. Rivers on high ground so valley is weathered by freeze thaw
3.Mass Movement. Loose material travels down into valley
4.V Shaped Valley. Steep Sided narrow valley is formed

34
Q

What is differential erosion

A

Less resistand rocks are worn down at a faster rate than more resistant rocks
Eg. Chalk is worn down quicker than granite

35
Q

Interlocking spurs formation

A

Youthful stage
River

🌍Geography (13 decks)

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