💚26 Pop and Human development Flashcards
What is this chapter mainly about?!
overpopulation
Define Carrying Capacity
A regions ability to support its population,
influenced by size of population and resources
When is a region underpopulated
When a region’s resources are capable of supporting population numbers in excess of their current values,
(Australia)
When is a region overpopulated
When the resources of a region are not sufficient to support its population,
(the Sahel Africa)
Define optimum population
Where resources and population of a region are balanced
What causes overpopulation
Over-exploitation of resources
Increasing population
Name a region that is an example of overpopulation
The Sahel
What causes overpopultion in Sahel region
Climate- Drought, reduced water, crop failure
Population growth-Early expanding stge
Deforestation-Increased demand for wood= soil erosion= less crops
Overgrazing-Animals seen as wealth, infertile soil
Over cultivation- Soil erosion, root networks destroyed
Conflict-Forced migration
Define desertification
The expansion of desert into surrounding areas
Define gullying
Rainwater erodes deep channels into the soil
Define food insecurity
When sufficient quantities of nutritious food are not regularly available.
Define monoculture
Using the same land area to grow the same crops year after year.
Name a reguon that faces overpopulation in a tropical climate
South sudan
Wet season Apr-Nov
Dry season Dec-Mar
What causes ovepopulatipn in South Sudan
Pop Growth
Status of women
Infant mortallity
Poverty
Conflict
Define humanitarian assistance
Aid and support that helps save lives, reduce human suffering and maintain human dignity by providing clean water, food, shelter, etc.
Example of a reguon that overpopulatipn has has impacts on income lecels
Mumbai, India
Define per capita income
This is the average income earned per person in a year and it is calculated by dividing the total income in a country by its total population.
Impacts of overpopulation on Mumbai
Population Density
-Overcrowding
-Slums
-Low life expectancy
-Poor health
-Communal toilets
-Buildup of rubbish
-Contamination=disease
-No education=child labour
Pollution
-Increased car ownership
Traffic Congestion
-Public transport overcrowded
-Congestion with increased car ownership
What is the impact of technology on population AGRICULTURE
•Green revolution: increased yields, quality, more secure food supplies, artificial fertilisers, GMOs, pest control, storage
• Irrigation: helpful where precipitation unreliable, aquifers take long time to replenish; using river water threatens fish population
Evaluation
• High costs - impacts limited
• Mechanisation - unemployment in rural areas - outmigration
• Food distribution still a problem
What is the impact of texhnology on population HEALTH-DEVELOPING WORLD
•Population momentum - high birth rate, continued pop increase
• Poorly developed health systems - high infant mortality rate
• Poor living conditions - disease, infection
•Lack of govt funding - poor prevented from medicines, treatment
• Social/cultural issues - family planning not widespread
• Treatment of HIV/AIDS and Ebola
What is the impact of texhnology on population HEALTH-DEVELOPED WORLD
Advanced healthcare systems - longer life expectancy
• Medical research, better health
outcomes
• Improved family planning - TFR reduced= ageing population
Hiv/Aids population impacts
35 million ppl dead, 15million of those are African continent
Improvements in treatments led to decrease
Cost of treatment was a challenge for many countries UNAIDS helped
Ebola on population
2014-2016 outbreak
West africa
11000 deaths recorded
Vaccine was highly protective
What is the UN HDI (what does it stand for)
United Nations Human Development Index
What is the HDI
Lists 188 countries and uses data on life expectancy, literacy rates, education provision, and living standards.
Goes from 0->1
What are the HDI categories
V High: 0.8->0.999
High: 0.7->0.799
Medium: 0.6->0.699
Low: 0.1->0.599
Impact of Population growth on Human Development. DEVELOPED WORLD
• Declining birth rates, ageing population, declining populations, increasing dependency ratios
• Ageing population: cost implications of state pension
• Reduced skilled labour pool
• Reduced tax revenue - budget deficits - spending cuts/taxation
• Elderly healthcare costs
Impact of population growth on human fevelopment DEVELOPING WORLD
• Rural-to-urban migration - overpopulated cities, poor living conditions
• Govt investment is urban-focused
• No scope for saving
• Poverty - child labour, poor education
• Pressure on employment - economic migrants
• NICs - cheap labour pool attracts multinationals
Pressure on food production - inadequate supplies
• Lack of investment - brain drain - healthcare workers emigrate
• Increased demand for fossil fuels - impact on climate change
• Ecological implications - clearing of rainforests; endangered species
Define NICs (Newly industrialised countries)
Countries whose economies have recently changed from an agricultural base to a manufacturing one.
Define aquifier
A-Z
Aquifer: An underground layer of permeable rock that contains water.
