28 Settlement Flashcards
Define a site
The immediate land on which a settlement is loacted
Whats a nodal site
Intersection or converging point of multiple roads
Name 4 geographical factors that affect settlement
Relief
-Lowlands <200m. Suitable climate and
gradient
Rivers
-Water/food supply, transportation
Defence
-Isolated hills/ridges barrier
Aspect/Shelter
-Warm south facing slopes, shelter by mountains/trees
Explain the geographic settlement factor of Relief
Lowlands (below 200m) have suitable climates and gentle gradients which is easier to build on
Steep slopes are avoided
Explain the geographic settlement factor of Relief
lowlands (Below 200m
Suitable climate
Gentle gradient=easier to build on
Steep land is avoided
Whats a wet point site
Sites that are liable to flood
Whats a dry point site
Elevated sites near rivers that are not likely to be flooded
Explain the geographic settlement factor of Defence
isolated hills gave defensive element
Explain the geographic settlement factor of Rivers
Food and water supply
Transportation
Bridging points lead to nodal site
What are the 2 Economic Factors affecting settlemtnet
RESOURCES: Fertile agricultural hinterland that provides food. Fishing in coastal area. Industries then develop these raw materials
TRADE:Where trade+communication points met along river,valleys,nodal sites or briding points
What are the Historical Factors that affected Settlement
-Castles were symbols of power,their bawns were secure place for ppl to retreat
-During the plantation planned towns were developed to provide homes
What is SITUATION in relation to settlement
The location of a settlement in relation to its surroundings.
Fertile lowland=agriculture
Lowland relief=transport development
Natural Routes=develop of nodal sites
Uplands=Shelter and natural defence
Name the different time Periods of Settlement in Ireland
Neolithic: 4000BC-2500BC
Bronze Age: 2500BC-500BC
Iron Age: 500BC-AD500
Early Christian: 5th-8th Century
Norman Period: 12th Century
Plantations: 17th Century
New Towns: 1960s-Present
What features were found in Neolithic Period:400BC-2500BC
Megalithic Tombs:
Court cairns, passage tombs, portal dolmens
What are barrows
Mounds that may cover megalithic tombs of the Neolithic Period
Whats a Cairn
Mound of stones that may cover a portal Dolmen of the Neolithic Period
What features were found in Bronze Age:2500BC-500BC
Fulacht Fiadh
Cooking place near streams
What features were found in Iron Age: 500BC-AD500
Forts:
Ring-Circular enclosures surrounded by up to 3 earthen banks
Promontory-Coastal areas surrounded by 3sides of sea
Define Promontory
High point of land or rock projecting into a body of water
What are soutterains
Underground storage chambers which may be found under ring-forts of the Iron Age period
What place names are associated with forts of the Iron Age Period:500BC-AD500
Dún-Dundalk
Caiseal-Cashel
Ráth-Raheny
Lios-Lismore
What features were found in Early Christian Period:5th-8th century
Monasteries and Round towers
Near rivers and lakes
Used as protection from vikings
What features were found in Norman Period:12th Century
Castles:
Motte+Bailey, stone.Walls enclosing an open area called bawn. Built by normans as defence.
Strategic Locations, beside rivers
Medieval Priories,Abbeys and Monasteries:
13th century, located near rivers
What place names are associated with the NORMAN PERIOD:13+13th century
Manach (monk)
—monkstown
What features were found in Plantation Period
Settlers from england were given large estates in Ireland
Large houses and villages
Fortified towers.
What place names can be associated with Plantation Period
Court
Park
Lot
Demense
House (HO)
And names possibly linked to landlords:Phillipstown
What features were found in New Town Period
Shannon Co.Clare
Tallaght
Blanchardstown
Lucan
Clondalkin
Adamstown (2004)
