💚25 Pop Changes over Time Flashcards
What is population distribution
refers to the pattern of human settlement
Sparsely vs Densely populated meanings
S-Little settlement in an area
D-Lots of settlement in an area
World population is DYNAMIC. Define dynamic
Constantly changing
4 Physical Factors that influence pop distribution
Climate:Mid latitudes of 20-60° has a more suitable climate and has highest pop densities
Altitude:50-60% of all settlement occurs below 300 metres
Soils:Fertile soil supports settlement
Water:Availability of water results in high pop densities
Socio Economic Factor affecting pp distribution
Resources:
-Coal minimg regions of Eurpoe became major industrial centres attracted settlement (Sambre Meuse Valley Belgium)
-Fertile soil areas attract settlement (Paris)
What is urbanisation
Migration from non urban areas to urban areas
Historical Factor that influences pop distribution
Colonialism: Development of major ports (kolkata) facilitated export of materials and import of manufactured goods during colonial period resulted in high pop density
What is population density
Average measure of number of ppl in an area
Population density formula
no. of ppl
—————
land area/km2
2 Areas of low density in ireland:
1.Upland areas (Western Regions)
-difficult landscape, extreme climatic conditions, infertile soils
2.Fertile areas (Golden Vale)
-larger farms=less settlement
3.Offshore islands (Aran Islands)
-isolation, extreme conditions
2 areas of high density in ireland:
1.Urban Centres (Dublin)
- economic activity supports settlement
2.Coastal Lowlands (Kerry to Dnegal)
- fertile soil, relief favoured settlement
3.Urban Centres Near Rivers (Kilkenny)
4.Ports (Waterford)
- economic activity
what is TFR
Total fertility rate
define TFR
Total number of children that each woman could give birth to should she live to the end of her childbearing years
Define fertility rate
Avg no. of births per 1000 women aged 15-44
What is social engineering
Strategies used by governments to try to encourage or limit population growth
What are pro natalist policies
(China 1 Child Policy)
Policies designed to encourage ppl to have children
What is the demographic transition model
Uses historical population data to identify the diff stages countries move through as social and economic changes impact on birth and death rates.
Name the 5 stages of DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL
Stage 1: High Stationary Stage
Stage 2: Early Expanding Stage
Stage 3: Late Expanding Stage
Stage 4: Low Stationary Stage
Stage 5: Senile Stage
What is Birth Rate
no. of births per 1000 of population
What is Death/Mortality Rate
No. of deaths per 1000 of population
What is a natural increase
When annual no. of births exceeds no. of deaths
What is a natural decrease
When annual no. of deaths exceeds no. of births
What is life expectancy
Avg no. of years a person can expect to live
What is a pandemic
Disease outbreak that covers a large area
What is Stage 1, High Stationary Stage
Birth and Death rates high
No country classed as thistoday
What is Stage 2, Early Expanding Stage
Birth rates still high
Death rates decline due to improved healthcare + food production
Chad, Afghanistan
What is stage 3, Late Expanding Stage
Birth rates decline- status of women improved
Death Rates still declines but is slower
India Morocco
What is Stage 4, Low Starionary Stage
Birth and Death rates have declined and are almost equal due to economic and social advances
Canada Ireland
What is Stage 5, Senile Stage
Birth rate declines
Death rate is stable
Total Pop is declining
Japan Germany
What are age profiles in terms of pop structure
% of pop in the diff age categories
What are gender profiles in terms of pop structure
% of males and females in each category
What is the dependency ratio
The ratio of dependent sector to the active sector in an economy
What is the dependent sector
Ppl aged between 0-14 and over 65
What is the active sector
Ppl aged 15-64
How to calculate dependency ratio
Dependent Sector 100
—————————— x ———
Active Sector 1
What are the 3 types of Pop Pyramids
- Expansive
- Stationary
- Constrictive
Define infant mortality
No. of deaths of kids under 1 per 1000 ecah year
Define child mortality
No. of deaths of kids under 5 per 1000 ecah year
Define maternal mortality
No. of deaths of Mothers while pregnant/within 40 days of birth
Define crude death rate
Total no. of deaths per 1000 of population
