8 - Respiratory Stressors (part 3) Flashcards
Which of the following pathophysiological mechanisms that occurs in the lung parenchyma allows pneumonia to develop?
a. ) Atelectasis
b. ) Bronchiectasis
c. ) Effusion
d. ) Inflammation
d.) Inflammation
The common feature of all type of pneumonia is an inflammatory pulmonary response to the offending organism or agent.
Atelectasis and bronchiecrasis indicate a collapse of a portion of the airway that doesn’t occur in pneumonia.
An effusion is an accumulation of excess pleural fluid in the pleural space, which may be a secondary response to pneumonia.
A 24-year-old client comes into the clinic complaining of right-sided chest pain and shortness of breath. He reports that it started suddenly. The assessment should include which of the following interventions?
a. ) Auscultation of breath sounds
b. ) Chest x-ray
c. ) Echocardiogram
d. ) Electrocardiogram (ECG)
a.) Auscultation of breath sounds
Because the client is short of breath, listening to breath sounds is a good idea. He may need a chest x-ray and an ECG, but a physician must order these tests. Unless a cardiac source for the client’s pain is identified, he won’t need an echocardiogram.
A client with pneumonia has a temperature ranging between 101* and 102*F and periods of diaphoresis. Based on this information, which of the following nursing interventions would be a priority?
a. ) Maintain complete bedrest
b. ) Administer oxygen therapy
c. ) Provide frequent linen changes
d. ) Provide fluid intake of 3 L/day
d.) Provide fluid intake of 3 L/day
A fluid intake of at least 3 L/day should be provided to replace any fluid loss occurring as a result the fever and diaphoresis; this is a high-priority intervention.
A client with acute asthma is prescribed short-term corticosteroid therapy. What is the rationale for the use of steroids in clients with asthma?
a. ) Corticosteroids promote bronchodilation
b. ) Corticosteroids act as an expectorant
c. ) Corticosteroids have an anti-inflammatory effect
d. ) Corticosteroids prevent development of respiratory infections
c.) Corticosteroids have an anti-inflammatory effect
Corticosteroids have an anti-inflammatory effect and act to decrease edema in the bronchial airways and decrease mucus secretion.
Corticosteroids do not have a bronchodilator effect, act as expectorants, or prevent respiratory infections.
Basilar crackles are present in a client’s lungs on auscultation. The nurse knows that these are discrete, non continuous sounds that are:
a. ) Caused by the sudden opening of alveoli
b. ) Usually more prominent during expiration
c. ) Produced by airflow across passages narrowed by secretions
d. ) Found primarily in the pleura
a.) Caused by the sudden opening of alveoli
Basilar crackles are usually heard during inspiration and are caused by sudden opening of the alveoli.
