1 - Immune Function (Part 2) - (shifts) Flashcards
Ratio of immature WBCs is greater than mature cells.
A) Shift to the left
B) Shift to the right
Shift to the Left
- Increase in immature WBCs.
- “Kicked out” into bloodstream.
- Ratio of immature WBCs greater than mature cells.
- Usually seen in cases of increasing infection.
- i.e., bacterial infection or postop infection.
- Usually seen:
- active infection
- hypoxia or shock
- sepsis
- severe inflammatory response
- A left shift can occur with either a HIGH or LOW white blood count.
- A high WBC count indicates release of immature neutrophils in response to overwhelming inflammation or infection.
- A left shift with low WBC count indicates infection of such intensity that demand for neutrophils exceeds supply, or it can indicate recovery from bone marrow suppression.
- Accelerates the release of cells from reserve pool in bone marrow therefore more immature WBCs released into blood stream.
Can see “giant neutrophils” due to large size.
A) Shift to the left
B) Shift to the right
Shift to the Right
- Ratio of mature WBCs greater than production
of immature WBCs.- Mature WBCs > immature WBCs
- Segs > bands
- Viral infections
- Liver disease
- Megaloblastic anemia
- Hemolysis
- Drugs
- Cancer (Leukemia) (Radiation)
- Allergies
- Can see “giant netrophils” due to large size.
- Seen with suppression of bone marrow activity.
- A right shift indicates that cells have more than the usual number of nuclear segments.
- For infections:
- the infection is clearing
- the store of polymorphonuclear leukocytes is exhausted and the body cannot keep up with the supply that is required to fight off the infection
Usually seen in active infection, hypoxia or shock, sepsis, or severe inflammatory responses.
A) Shift to the left
B) Shift to the right
Shift to the Left
- Increase in immature WBCs.
- “Kicked out” into bloodstream.
- Ratio of immature WBCs greater than mature cells.
- Usually seen in cases of increasing infection.
- i.e., bacterial infection or postop infection.
- Usually seen:
- active infection
- hypoxia or shock
- sepsis
- severe inflammatory response
- A left shift can occur with either a HIGH or LOW white blood count.
- A high WBC count indicates release of immature neutrophils in response to overwhelming inflammation or infection.
- A left shift with low WBC count indicates infection of such intensity that demand for neutrophils exceeds supply, or it can indicate recovery from bone marrow suppression.
- Accelerates the release of cells from reserve pool in bone marrow therefore more immature WBCs released into blood stream.
Indicates infection of such intensity that demand for neutrophils exceeds supply, or it can indicate recovery from bone marrow suppression.
A) Shift to the left
B) Shift to the right
Shift to the Left
- Increase in immature WBCs.
- “Kicked out” into bloodstream.
- Ratio of immature WBCs greater than mature cells.
- Usually seen in cases of increasing infection.
- i.e., bacterial infection or postop infection.
- Usually seen:
- active infection
- hypoxia or shock
- sepsis
- severe inflammatory response
- A left shift can occur with either a HIGH or LOW white blood count.
- A high WBC count indicates release of immature neutrophils in response to overwhelming inflammation or infection.
- A left shift with low WBC count indicates infection of such intensity that demand for neutrophils exceeds supply, or it can indicate recovery from bone marrow suppression.
- Accelerates the release of cells from reserve pool in bone marrow therefore more immature WBCs released into blood stream.
Usually seen in viral infections, radiation sickness, and pernicious anemia.
A) Shift to the left
B) Shift to the right
Shift to the Right
- Ratio of mature WBCs greater than production
of immature WBCs.- Mature WBCs > immature WBCs
- Segs > bands
- Viral infections
- Liver disease
- Megaloblastic anemia
- Hemolysis
- Drugs
- Cancer (Leukemia) (Radiation)
- Allergies
- Can see “giant netrophils” due to large size.
- Seen with suppression of bone marrow activity.
- A right shift indicates that cells have more than the usual number of nuclear segments.
- For infections:
- the infection is clearing
- the store of polymorphonuclear leukocytes is exhausted and the body cannot keep up with the supply that is required to fight off the infection
Indicates that the infection is clearing and the store of polymorphonuclear leukocytes is exhausted and the body cannot keep up with the supply that is required to fight off the infection.
A) Shift to the left
B) Shift to the right
Shift to the Right
- Ratio of mature WBCs greater than production
of immature WBCs.- Mature WBCs > immature WBCs
- Segs > bands
- Viral infections
- Liver disease
- Megaloblastic anemia
- Hemolysis
- Drugs
- Cancer (Leukemia) (Radiation)
- Allergies
- Can see “giant netrophils” due to large size.
- Seen with suppression of bone marrow activity.
- A right shift indicates that cells have more than the usual number of nuclear segments.
- For infections:
- the infection is clearing
- the store of polymorphonuclear leukocytes is exhausted and the body cannot keep up with the supply that is required to fight off the infection
Increase in immature WBCs.
A) Shift to the left
B) Shift to the right
Shift to the Left
- Increase in immature WBCs.
- “Kicked out” into bloodstream.
- Ratio of immature WBCs greater than mature cells.
- Usually seen in cases of increasing infection.
- i.e., bacterial infection or postop infection.
- Usually seen:
- active infection
- hypoxia or shock
- sepsis
- severe inflammatory response
- A left shift can occur with either a HIGH or LOW white blood count.
- A high WBC count indicates release of immature neutrophils in response to overwhelming inflammation or infection.
- A left shift with low WBC count indicates infection of such intensity that demand for neutrophils exceeds supply, or it can indicate recovery from bone marrow suppression.
- Accelerates the release of cells from reserve pool in bone marrow therefore more immature WBCs released into blood stream.
Ratio of mature WBCs is greater than production of immature WBCs.
A) Shift to the left
B) Shift to the right
Shift to the Right
- Ratio of mature WBCs greater than production
of immature WBCs.- Mature WBCs > immature WBCs
- Segs > bands
- Viral infections
- Liver disease
- Megaloblastic anemia
- Hemolysis
- Drugs
- Cancer (Leukemia) (Radiation)
- Allergies
- Can see “giant netrophils” due to large size.
- Seen with suppression of bone marrow activity.
- A right shift indicates that cells have more than the usual number of nuclear segments.
- For infections:
- the infection is clearing
- the store of polymorphonuclear leukocytes is exhausted and the body cannot keep up with the supply that is required to fight off the infection
Seen with suppression of bone marrow activity.
A) Shift to the left
B) Shift to the right
Shift to the Right
- Ratio of mature WBCs greater than production
of immature WBCs.- Mature WBCs > immature WBCs
- Segs > bands
- Viral infections
- Liver disease
- Megaloblastic anemia
- Hemolysis
- Drugs
- Cancer (Leukemia) (Radiation)
- Allergies
- Can see “giant netrophils” due to large size.
- Seen with suppression of bone marrow activity.
- A right shift indicates that cells have more than the usual number of nuclear segments.
- For infections:
- the infection is clearing
- the store of polymorphonuclear leukocytes is exhausted and the body cannot keep up with the supply that is required to fight off the infection
Usually seen in cases of increasing infection, i.e., bacterial infection or postop infection.
A) Shift to the left
B) Shift to the right
Shift to the Left
- Increase in immature WBCs.
- “Kicked out” into bloodstream.
- Ratio of immature WBCs greater than mature cells.
- Usually seen in cases of increasing infection.
- i.e., bacterial infection or postop infection.
- Usually seen:
- active infection
- hypoxia or shock
- sepsis
- severe inflammatory response
- A left shift can occur with either a HIGH or LOW white blood count.
- A high WBC count indicates release of immature neutrophils in response to overwhelming inflammation or infection.
- A left shift with low WBC count indicates infection of such intensity that demand for neutrophils exceeds supply, or it can indicate recovery from bone marrow suppression.
- Accelerates the release of cells from reserve pool in bone marrow therefore more immature WBCs released into blood stream.
Appears in body fluids (blood, saliva, tears, breast milk, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, prostatic, and vaginal secretions).
a. ) IgG
b. ) IgA
c. ) IgM
d. ) IgE
e. ) IgD
IgA
Appears in small amounts in serum.
a. ) IgG
b. ) IgA
c. ) IgM
d. ) IgE
e. ) IgD
IgD
Which immunoglobulins activate the complement system? (select all that apply)
a. ) IgG
b. ) IgA
c. ) IgM
d. ) IgE
e. ) IgD
IgG and IgM
Prevents absorption of antigens from food.
a. ) IgG
b. ) IgA
c. ) IgM
d. ) IgE
e. ) IgD
IgA
Appears as the first immunoglobulin produced in response to bacterial and viral infections.
a. ) IgG
b. ) IgA
c. ) IgM
d. ) IgE
e. ) IgD
IgM
Appears mostly in intravascular serum.
a. ) IgG
b. ) IgA
c. ) IgM
d. ) IgE
e. ) IgD
IgM
Appears in serum and tissues (interstitial fluid).
a. ) IgG
b. ) IgA
c. ) IgM
d. ) IgE
e. ) IgD
IgG
Appears in serum and combats parasitic infections.
a. ) IgG
b. ) IgA
c. ) IgM
d. ) IgE
e. ) IgD
IgE
Assumes a major role in bloodborne and tissue infections.
a. ) IgG
b. ) IgA
c. ) IgM
d. ) IgE
e. ) IgD
IgG
Possibly influences B-lymphocyte differentiation, but role is unclear.
a. ) IgG
b. ) IgA
c. ) IgM
d. ) IgE
e. ) IgD
IgD
Crosses the placenta and enhances phagocytosis.
a. ) IgG
b. ) IgA
c. ) IgM
d. ) IgE
e. ) IgD
IgG
Protects against respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary infections. Passes to neonate in breast milk for protection.
a. ) IgG
b. ) IgA
c. ) IgM
d. ) IgE
e. ) IgD
IgA
Takes part in allergic and some hypersensitivity reactions.
a. ) IgG
b. ) IgA
c. ) IgM
d. ) IgE
e. ) IgD
IgE
