2 - Hematopoietic Stressors Flashcards
Name several foods that are high in vitamin B12
Foods that are high in B12
Animal products (fish, meat, poultry, eggs, milk, and milk products).
Generally NOT PRESENT in plant foods!!!
Major S/S of this type of anemia include infection and bleeding. Clients need to be educated about safety because they bruise/bleed easily.
a. ) iron deficiency anemia
b. ) hemochromatosis
c. ) pernicious anemia
d. ) aplastic anemia
Aplastic Anemia
Decrease in ALL levels of blood (Hgb, RBCs, WBCs, & platelets).
S/S: infection and bleeding (try to minizime blood drawing and educate client about safety because they bruise/bleed easily
Test: Bone marrow aspiration is performed to check for aplastic anemia.
Treatment:
- Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT).
- immunosuppressive therapy to prevent lymphocytes from destroying stem cells.
- Transfusions of RBCs and platelets
production impairment → Aplastic Anemia
Associated with vitamin B12 deficiency.
a. ) iron deficiency anemia
b. ) hemochromatosis
c. ) pernicious anemia
d. ) aplastic anemia
Pernicious Anemia
Associated with vitamin B12 deficiency.
RBCs are MACROcytic normochromic.
Lack of intrinsic factor.
Schilling Test is performed to evaluate vitamin B12 absorption.
Treatment for this type of anemia includes: (1) Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), (2) immunosuppressive therapy to prevent lymphocytes from destroying stem cells, and (3) transfusions of RBCs and platelets.
a. ) iron deficiency anemia
b. ) hemochromatosis
c. ) pernicious anemia
d. ) aplastic anemia
Aplastic Anemia
Decrease in ALL levels of blood (Hgb, RBCs, WBCs, & platelets).
S/S: infection and bleeding (try to minizime blood drawing and educate client about safety because they bruise/bleed easily
Test: Bone marrow aspiration is performed to check for aplastic anemia.
Treatment:
- Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT).
- immunosuppressive therapy to prevent lymphocytes from destroying stem cells.
- Transfusions of RBCs and platelets
production impairment → Aplastic Anemia
Decrease in all levels of blood (Hgb, RBCs, WBCs, & platelets).
a. ) iron deficiency anemia
b. ) hemochromatosis
c. ) pernicious anemia
d. ) aplastic anemia
Aplastic Anemia
Decrease in ALL levels of blood (Hgb, RBCs, WBCs, & platelets).
S/S: infection and bleeding (try to minizime blood drawing and educate client about safety because they bruise/bleed easily
Test: Bone marrow aspiration is performed to check for aplastic anemia.
Treatment:
- Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT).
- immunosuppressive therapy to prevent lymphocytes from destroying stem cells.
- Transfusions of RBCs and platelets
production impairment → Aplastic Anemia
RBCs are microcytic due to low hemoglobin.
a. ) iron deficiency anemia
b. ) hemochromatosis
c. ) pernicious anemia
d. ) aplastic anemia
iron deficiency anemia
Cells are microcytic [hypochromic disorder (low Hb)]
2 Major S/S: tired and pale.
- Early S/S: fatigue, weakness, pale skin.
- Late S/S: dyspnea, chest pain, muscle pain, and cramping.
- Most common type of anemia.
- Health history may be significant if client has GI bleeds, multiple pregnancies, and pica (eating items without nutritional value or non-food items).
Diagnostics (Fab 5)
- Hgb (low)
- Hct (low)
- Reticulocyte count indices
- MCV (low)
- RDW (high)
Name several foods that are high in iron.
Foods high in iron
Chicken liver, beef liver, tuna, eggs, shrimp, tofu, spinach, whole wheat bread, iron, brown rice.
Serial screening tests are performed to check for this condition.
a. ) iron deficiency anemia
b. ) hemochromatosis
c. ) pernicious anemia
d. ) aplastic anemia
Hemochromatosis
Caused by having too much iron in the body.
Common in Caucasians.
Serial screening tests (alpha fetal proteins)
A bone marrow aspiration test is performed to check for this type of anemia.
a. ) iron deficiency anemia
b. ) hemochromatosis
c. ) pernicious anemia
d. ) aplastic anemia
Aplastic Anemia
Decrease in ALL levels of blood (Hgb, RBCs, WBCs, & platelets).
S/S: infection and bleeding (try to minizime blood drawing and educate client about safety because they bruise/bleed easily
Test: Bone marrow aspiration is performed to check for aplastic anemia.
Treatment:
- Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT).
- immunosuppressive therapy to prevent lymphocytes from destroying stem cells.
- Transfusions of RBCs and platelets
production impairment → Aplastic Anemia
The Schilling Test is used to assess for this type of anemia.
a. ) iron deficiency anemia
b. ) hemochromatosis
c. ) pernicious anemia
d. ) aplastic anemia
Pernicious Anemia
Associated with vitamin B12 deficiency.
RBCs are MACROcytic normochromic.
Lack of intrinsic factor.
Schilling Test is performed to evaluate vitamin B12 absorption.
S/S include cheilosis, smooth sore tongue, and neurological problems.
a. ) iron deficiency anemia
b. ) hemochromatosis
c. ) pernicious anemia
d. ) aplastic anemia
Pernicious Anemia
Associated with vitamin B12 deficiency.
RBCs are MACROcytic normochromic.
Lack of intrinsic factor.
Schilling Test is performed to evaluate vitamin B12 absorption.
Major S/S:
- Cheilosis (cracked lips)
- Smooth sore tongue
- Neuro problems
Name several foods that are high in folic acid (vitamin B9)
Foods that are high in folic acid (vitamin B9)
Beans & legumes, citrus fruits and juices, whole grains, dark green leafy vegetables, poultry, pork, shellfish, and liver.
Health history may be significant if client has GI bleeds, multiple pregnancies, and pica.
a. ) iron deficiency anemia
b. ) hemochromatosis
c. ) pernicious anemia
d. ) aplastic anemia
iron deficiency anemia
Cells are microcytic [hypochromic disorder (low Hb)]
2 Major S/S: tired and pale.
- Early S/S: fatigue, weakness, pale skin.
- Late S/S: dyspnea, chest pain, muscle pain, and cramping.
- Most common type of anemia.
- Health history may be significant if client has GI bleeds, multiple pregnancies, and pica (eating items without nutritional value or non-food items).
Diagnostics (Fab 5)
- Hgb (low)
- Hct (low)
- Reticulocyte count indices
- MCV (low)
- RDW (high)
When drawing blood to test for a CBC, from which line is it ok for you to draw from?
Can draw blood from a central line, but not a peripheral line.
Caused by having too much iron in the body. Common in Caucasians.
a. ) iron deficiency anemia
b. ) hemochromatosis
c. ) pernicious anemia
d. ) aplastic anemia
Hemochromatosis
Caused by having too much iron in the body.
Common in Caucasians.
Serial screening tests (alpha fetal proteins)