2 - Hematopoietic Stressors Flashcards

1
Q

Name several foods that are high in vitamin B12

A

Foods that are high in B12

Animal products (fish, meat, poultry, eggs, milk, and milk products).

Generally NOT PRESENT in plant foods!!!

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2
Q

Major S/S of this type of anemia include infection and bleeding. Clients need to be educated about safety because they bruise/bleed easily.

a. ) iron deficiency anemia
b. ) hemochromatosis
c. ) pernicious anemia
d. ) aplastic anemia

A

Aplastic Anemia

Decrease in ALL levels of blood (Hgb, RBCs, WBCs, & platelets).

S/S: infection and bleeding (try to minizime blood drawing and educate client about safety because they bruise/bleed easily

Test: Bone marrow aspiration is performed to check for aplastic anemia.

Treatment:

  • Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT).
  • immunosuppressive therapy to prevent lymphocytes from destroying stem cells.
  • Transfusions of RBCs and platelets

production impairment → Aplastic Anemia

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3
Q

Associated with vitamin B12 deficiency.

a. ) iron deficiency anemia
b. ) hemochromatosis
c. ) pernicious anemia
d. ) aplastic anemia

A

Pernicious Anemia

Associated with vitamin B12 deficiency.

RBCs are MACROcytic normochromic.

Lack of intrinsic factor.

Schilling Test is performed to evaluate vitamin B12 absorption.

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4
Q

Treatment for this type of anemia includes: (1) Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), (2) immunosuppressive therapy to prevent lymphocytes from destroying stem cells, and (3) transfusions of RBCs and platelets.

a. ) iron deficiency anemia
b. ) hemochromatosis
c. ) pernicious anemia
d. ) aplastic anemia

A

Aplastic Anemia

Decrease in ALL levels of blood (Hgb, RBCs, WBCs, & platelets).

S/S: infection and bleeding (try to minizime blood drawing and educate client about safety because they bruise/bleed easily

Test: Bone marrow aspiration is performed to check for aplastic anemia.

Treatment:

  • Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT).
  • immunosuppressive therapy to prevent lymphocytes from destroying stem cells.
  • Transfusions of RBCs and platelets

production impairment → Aplastic Anemia

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5
Q

Decrease in all levels of blood (Hgb, RBCs, WBCs, & platelets).

a. ) iron deficiency anemia
b. ) hemochromatosis
c. ) pernicious anemia
d. ) aplastic anemia

A

Aplastic Anemia

Decrease in ALL levels of blood (Hgb, RBCs, WBCs, & platelets).

S/S: infection and bleeding (try to minizime blood drawing and educate client about safety because they bruise/bleed easily

Test: Bone marrow aspiration is performed to check for aplastic anemia.

Treatment:

  • Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT).
  • immunosuppressive therapy to prevent lymphocytes from destroying stem cells.
  • Transfusions of RBCs and platelets

production impairment → Aplastic Anemia

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6
Q

RBCs are microcytic due to low hemoglobin.

a. ) iron deficiency anemia
b. ) hemochromatosis
c. ) pernicious anemia
d. ) aplastic anemia

A

iron deficiency anemia

Cells are microcytic ​[hypochromic disorder (low Hb)]

2 Major S/S: tired and pale.

  • Early S/S: fatigue, weakness, pale skin.
  • Late S/S: dyspnea, chest pain, muscle pain, and cramping.
  • Most common type of anemia.
  • Health history may be significant if client has GI bleeds, multiple pregnancies, and pica (eating items without nutritional value or non-food items).

Diagnostics (Fab 5)

  • Hgb (low)
  • Hct (low)
  • Reticulocyte count indices
  • MCV (low)
  • RDW (high)
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7
Q

Name several foods that are high in iron.

A

Foods high in iron

Chicken liver, beef liver, tuna, eggs, shrimp, tofu, spinach, whole wheat bread, iron, brown rice.

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8
Q

Serial screening tests are performed to check for this condition.

a. ) iron deficiency anemia
b. ) hemochromatosis
c. ) pernicious anemia
d. ) aplastic anemia

A

Hemochromatosis

Caused by having too much iron in the body.

Common in Caucasians.

Serial screening tests (alpha fetal proteins)

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9
Q

A bone marrow aspiration test is performed to check for this type of anemia.

a. ) iron deficiency anemia
b. ) hemochromatosis
c. ) pernicious anemia
d. ) aplastic anemia

A

Aplastic Anemia

Decrease in ALL levels of blood (Hgb, RBCs, WBCs, & platelets).

S/S: infection and bleeding (try to minizime blood drawing and educate client about safety because they bruise/bleed easily

Test: Bone marrow aspiration is performed to check for aplastic anemia.

Treatment:

  • Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT).
  • immunosuppressive therapy to prevent lymphocytes from destroying stem cells.
  • Transfusions of RBCs and platelets

production impairment → Aplastic Anemia

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10
Q

The Schilling Test is used to assess for this type of anemia.

a. ) iron deficiency anemia
b. ) hemochromatosis
c. ) pernicious anemia
d. ) aplastic anemia

A

Pernicious Anemia

Associated with vitamin B12 deficiency.

RBCs are MACROcytic normochromic.

Lack of intrinsic factor.

Schilling Test is performed to evaluate vitamin B12 absorption.

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11
Q

S/S include cheilosis, smooth sore tongue, and neurological problems.

a. ) iron deficiency anemia
b. ) hemochromatosis
c. ) pernicious anemia
d. ) aplastic anemia

A

Pernicious Anemia

Associated with vitamin B12 deficiency.

RBCs are MACROcytic normochromic.

Lack of intrinsic factor.

Schilling Test is performed to evaluate vitamin B12 absorption.

Major S/S:

  • Cheilosis (cracked lips)
  • Smooth sore tongue
  • Neuro problems
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12
Q

Name several foods that are high in folic acid (vitamin B9)

A

Foods that are high in folic acid (vitamin B9)

Beans & legumes, citrus fruits and juices, whole grains, dark green leafy vegetables, poultry, pork, shellfish, and liver.

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13
Q

Health history may be significant if client has GI bleeds, multiple pregnancies, and pica.

a. ) iron deficiency anemia
b. ) hemochromatosis
c. ) pernicious anemia
d. ) aplastic anemia

A

iron deficiency anemia

Cells are microcytic ​[hypochromic disorder (low Hb)]

2 Major S/S: tired and pale.

  • Early S/S: fatigue, weakness, pale skin.
  • Late S/S: dyspnea, chest pain, muscle pain, and cramping.
  • Most common type of anemia.
  • Health history may be significant if client has GI bleeds, multiple pregnancies, and pica (eating items without nutritional value or non-food items).

Diagnostics (Fab 5)

  • Hgb (low)
  • Hct (low)
  • Reticulocyte count indices
  • MCV (low)
  • RDW (high)
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14
Q

When drawing blood to test for a CBC, from which line is it ok for you to draw from?

A

Can draw blood from a central line, but not a peripheral line.

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15
Q

Caused by having too much iron in the body. Common in Caucasians.

a. ) iron deficiency anemia
b. ) hemochromatosis
c. ) pernicious anemia
d. ) aplastic anemia

A

Hemochromatosis

Caused by having too much iron in the body.

Common in Caucasians.

Serial screening tests (alpha fetal proteins)

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16
Q

Major S/S are being tired and pale.

a. ) iron deficiency anemia
b. ) hemochromatosis
c. ) pernicious anemia
d. ) aplastic anemia

A

iron deficiency anemia

Cells are microcytic ​[hypochromic disorder (low Hb)]

2 Major S/S: tired and pale.

  • Early S/S: fatigue, weakness, pale skin.
  • Late S/S: dyspnea, chest pain, muscle pain, and cramping.
  • Most common type of anemia.
  • Health history may be significant if client has GI bleeds, multiple pregnancies, and pica (eating items without nutritional value or non-food items).

Diagnostics (Fab 5)

  • Hgb (low)
  • Hct (low)
  • Reticulocyte count indices
  • MCV (low)
  • RDW (high)