5 - Hypertension (part 2)

Question 1

Cardio-selective beta blockers block ____ more than ____ receptors.

Answer 1

Cardio-selective beta blockers block beta₁ more than beta₂ receptors.

Question 2

Adverse effects of this type of medication include persistent dry hacking cough (smoker’s cough), hyperkalemia, angioedema, leukopenia, and fetal toxicity.

Answer 2

Ace Inhibitors

Question 3

Stimulates alpha 2 receptors in CNS, causing the arterioles and veins to dilate, and a decrease in blood pressure. Major adverse effect is drowsiness (CNS depression and sexual dysfunction).

Answer 3

Centrally Acting Alpha 2 Agonists

Question 4

Which two types of medications decrease potassium loss and cause a moderate increase in urine output?

Answer 4

Potassium-Sparing Diuretics & Aldosterone Antagonists

Question 5

Blocks sodium potassium chloride transport in the thick ascending loop of Henle, which causes volume depletion and blocks sodium reabsorption.

Answer 5

Loop Diuretics

Question 6

Competitive inhibition of Aldosterone binding, which causes a decrease in the loss of potassium, a moderate increase in urine output, and prevents heart failure from worsening. Adverse effects include hyperkalemia and cardiac dysrhythmias.

Answer 6

Aldosterone Antagonists

Question 7

Blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, and lowers total peripheral resistance. Adverse effects include persistent dry hacking cough (smoker’s cough), hyperkalemia, angioedema, leukopenia, and fetal toxicity.

Answer 7

Ace Inhibitors

Question 8

Directly inhibits renin, suppressing RAAS cascade as it starts. Also eliminates the production of angiotensin II.

Answer 8

Direct Renin Inhibitors

Question 9

Adverse effects of this type of medication include masking early signs of hypoglycemia, rebound cardiac excitation, bradycardia, a decrease in cardiac output, heart failure, and bronchoconstriction.

Answer 9

Beta Adrenergic Blockers

Question 10

Blocks the interaction of norepinephrine on vascular alpha adrenergic receptors, and dilates urethral smooth muscles. Works by dilating arterioles and veins, decreasing peripheral resistance, decreasing venous return, and decreasing cardiac output. Major adverse effect is orthostatic hypotension.

Answer 10

Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blockers

Question 11

For this type of medication you want to avoid using with potassium sparing diuretics and ACE-inhibitors.

Answer 11

ARBs

Question 12

Acts directly on vascular smooth muscle, causing selective dilation of arterioles. Has little to no effect on veins. Adverse effects include hypertrichosis (lots of hair growth), severe fluid retention, exacerbation of angina, and an increase in myocardial contractions.

Answer 12

Direct Acting Vasodilators

Question 13

Which two types of medication do you want to avoid potassium supplements to avoid hyperkalemia?

Answer 13

Potassium Sparing Diuretics & Aldosterone Antagonists

Question 14

Adverse effects of this type of medication include sexual dysfunction, rebound HTN with abrupt withdrawal of Clonidine, CNS depression, drowsiness, and hepatotoxicity.

Answer 14

Centrally Acting Alpha 2 Agonists

Question 15

Blocks sodium chloride co-transporter in the distal convoluted tubule, which decreases blood volume, renal blood flow, and cardiac output.

Answer 15

Thiazide Diuretics

Question 16

Blocks calcium entry into vascular smooth muscle cells and prevents contractions. Acts selectively on arterial system (not veins), causing decreased arterial pressure. Does not affect serum calcium level. Second choice med for African Americans. Adverse effects include dizziness, headache, facial flushing, peripheral edema, and reflex tachycardia.

Answer 16

Calcium Channel Blockers

Question 17

Block Angiotensin II receptors, causing vasodilation and suppression of aldosterone. Given if dry cough from ACE inhibitors become problematic. Adverse effects include hyperkalemia.

Answer 17

ARBs

Question 18

Blocks the interaction of norepinephrine on vascular alpha adrenergic receptors, and dilates urethral smooth muscles. Works by dilating arterioles and veins, decreasing peripheral resistance, decreasing venous return, and decreasing cardiac output. Major adverse effect is orthostatic hypotension.

Answer 18

Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blockers

Question 19

Blocks sodium reabsorption and acts on the distal tubule independent of Aldosterone, which causes a decrease in potassium loss and a moderate increase in urine output. Adverse effects include hyperkalemia and cardiac dysrhythmias.

Answer 19

Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Question 20

Adverse effects for these two types of medications are hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, an increase in LDL and triglyceride levels, occasional hyponatremia, hypovolemia, and dehydration.

Answer 20

Thiazide Diuretics & Loop Diuretics

Question 21

Preferred type of BP medication.

Answer 21

Thiazide Diuretics