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PMP Exam BL > 8. Quality > Flashcards

8. Quality Flashcards

1
Q

What is the process of Quality Management?

A
  • Plan quality management
  • Manage quality
  • Control quality
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2
Q

What are the key outputs of the Plan Quality process?

A
  • Quality management plan
  • Quality metrics
  • Updates to project management plans and project documents
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3
Q

What are the key outputs of the Manage Quality process?

A
  • Test and evaluation documents
  • Quality reports
  • Change requests
  • Updates to project management plans and project documents
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4
Q

What are the key outputs of the Control Quality process?

A
  • Quality control measurements
  • Validated changes
  • Work performance information
  • Updates to project management plan and project documents
  • Verified deliverables
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5
Q

What is the definition of quality?

A

The degree to which the project fulfils requirements

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6
Q

How does quality differ from grade?

A
  • Quality: the degree to which a project (or deliverable) fulfils requirements.
  • Grade: general category or classification of a deliverable or resource that indicates common functions, but varying technical specifications.
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7
Q

What does gold platting mean?

A

Adding extra items and services to customer deliverables that do not necessarily contribute added value or quality.

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8
Q

What are some tools and techniques that are used in the Plan Quality Management process?

A
  • Interviews
  • Brainstorming and benchmarking
  • Decision-making
  • Cost-benefit analysis
  • Cost of Quality: COQ
  • Logical data model
  • Matrix diagrams
  • Mind mapping
  • Flowcharts
  • Test and inspection planning
  • Meetings
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9
Q

What are the impacts of poor quality?

A
  • Increased costs
  • Decreased profits
  • Low morale
  • Low customer satisfaction
  • Increased risk
  • Rework
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10
Q

What does the cost of quality do (COQ) do?

A

Ensures the project is not spending too much to achieve a particular level of quality.

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11
Q

What are examples of costs of conformance?

A
  • Quality training
  • Studies
  • Measuring quality of interim deliverables
  • Surveys
  • Efforts to ensure everyone knows the processes to use to complete their work
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12
Q

What are examples of costs of nonconformance?

A
  • Rework / downtime
  • Scrap
  • Inventory costs
  • Warranty costs
  • Lost business
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13
Q

What are the costs of nonconformance associated with?

Which should be greater, the costs of conformance or nonconformance?

A
  • Costs of nonconformance are associated with poor quality.

* The costs of nonconformance should be greater.

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14
Q

What is marginal analysis?

A

An analysis focused on finding the point at which the benefits or revenue to be received from improving quality equals the incremental cost to achieve that quality.

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15
Q

What is logical data model?

A

It contains a description of the quality needs of the project and is used to understand the requirements, clarify business rules and define processes. Shows the relationships and dependencies.

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16
Q

What is the purpose of test and inspection planning?

A

For the team to determine how it will confirm that the required level of quality has been achieved in the completion of project deliverables, and how the deliverable will be evaluated for performance and reliability.

17
Q

What are some of the tools and techniques used in the Manage Quality process?

A
  • Checklists
  • Cause and effect diagrams
  • Histograms
  • Scatter diagrams
  • Document analysis
  • Alternatives analysis
  • Process analysis
  • Root cause analysis
  • Multicriteria decision analysis
  • Flowcharts
  • Affinity diagrams
  • Audits
  • Design for X
  • Problem solving
18
Q

What is design of experiments?

A

A technique that is used to analyse alternatives. Allows you to systematically change the important factors in a process and see which combinations have an optimal impact on the project deliverables.

19
Q

What does mutual exclusivity mean?

A

Two events are said to be mutually exclusive if they cannot both occur in a single trial.

20
Q

What is statistical independence?

A

The probability of event B occurring does not depend on event A occurring

21
Q

What does sigma signify in a process?

What is another name for sigma?

A
  • It is a measure of how far you are from the mean.

* Standard deviation.

22
Q

Name some Control Quality tools and techniques.

A
  • Checklists and checksheets
  • Statistical sampling
  • Questionnaires and surveys
  • Performance reviews
  • Root cause analysis
  • Inspection
  • Control charts
  • Cause and effect diagrams
  • Histograms
  • Scatter diagrams
  • Meetings
23
Q

How does a checksheet differ from a quality checklist?

A
  • Although a checksheet is a type of checklist, its primary purpose is to keep track of data.
  • In Control Quality, checklists are used to determine that all required features and functions are included, and that they meet acceptance criteria.
24
Q

What is a control chart?

What are control limits?

A
  • Control charts are used in Control Quality to help determine if the results of a process are within acceptable limits.
  • Control limits are the acceptable range of variation on a control chart.
25
Q

What are the specification limits on a control chart?

What is a mean on a control chart?

A
  • Specification limits: the customer’s expectations or contractual requirements for performance and quality on the project.
  • Mean: the average, the middle of the range of acceptable variation.
26
Q

How do we define a process as statistically out of control?

What does out of control mean?

A
  • A data point falls outside the upper or lower control limit.
  • There are nonrandom data points; these may be within the upper and lower control limits.
27
Q

What is the rule of seven?

What does it signify?

A
  • It refers to a group of series of nonrandom data points that total seven on one side of the mean.
  • The rule of seven tells you that, although none of these points are outside of the control limits, they are not random and the process is out of control.
28
Q

What is an assignable cause/special cause variation?

A

An assignable cause or special cause variation signifies that a process is out of control.
If there is an assignable cause or special cause variation, it means a data point, or a series of data points, requires investigation to determine the cause of the variation.

29
Q

What is a cause and effect diagram?

A

A graphical tool that helps determine the possible root causes of a problem. It is also called a fishbone, Ishikawa, or why-why diagram.

30
Q

What is a Pareto chart?

A

A histogram that arranges the results from the most frequent to least frequent to help identify which root causes are resulting in the most problems.

31
Q

What does a scatter diagram show?

A

The relationship between two variables and the quality of the results.

32
Q

What is the Design for X analysis?

A

Another way of analysing variables. The X represent an attribute for quality (cost efficiency, reliability, serviceability…) = variable analysed.

33
Q

What are the appraisal costs?

A

The costs of testing and inspection.

34
Q

What are the 5 pillars of compliance?

A
  • Compliance Documentation
  • Compliance Council
  • Compliance Risk
  • Compliance Audit
  • Compliance Responsibilities

PMP Exam BL (13 decks)

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