8. POLITICAL VIOLENCE, 9. COUP D'ETAT, & 10. WAR Flashcards
(22 cards)
A part of “contentious politics” or collective political struggle, but also more peaceful protest movements
Political violence
How political, economic, and social processes cause political violence
Macro-theories
Political violence processes that involve individuals and households, like who participates in violence and what motivates people to participate
Micro-theories
Illegal and overt seizure of a state by the military or other elites within the state apparatus to unseat the sitting executive
Coup d’etat
A conflict among political groups involving hostilities of considerable duration and magnitude
War
Armed conflicts of powerful states with isolated and powerless peoples
Pacifications, military expeditions/explorations
Small states
Interventions or reprisals
With internal groups; if the resistance is sufficiently strong or protracted, may achieve a magnitude that entitles them to the name “war” (civil war)
Rebellions or insurrections
War as a rational instrument of state policy
Von Clausewitz
[THEORY] Study of animal warfare may contribute toward an understanding of war as employed by man
Ethology
[THEORY] Aggressive behavior usually arises from several drives: rivalry for possession, the intrusion of a stranger, or frustration of an activity
Ethology
[THEORY] Improved social adjustment of individuals would decrease frustration, insecurity, and fear; thus reducing the likelihood of war.
Psychology
[THEORY] Innate aggressiveness in man; others: public opinion and its influence, particularly in times of tension; importance of decision makers and the need for their careful selection and training.
Psychology
[THEORY] Autocratic governments, which were presumed to wage war against the wishes of peacefully inclined people; and support the role of international organizations to prevent war
Liberal theory
[THEORY] Karl Marx attributed war not to the behavior of states but to the class structure of society; wars occurred not as a voluntary instrument of state policy but as the result of a clash of social forces
Socialist Theory
[THEORY] As long as individual states can identify themselves with explosive differences in beliefs, the probability of a war between states is increased
Nationalism
[THEORY] Sociologically oriented; focus on the roles played within the state by various special-interest groups
Special interest groups
[THEORY] War, while terrible, is not always the worst option; important responsibilities, undesirable outcomes, or preventable atrocities may justify war
Just war theory (jus bellum iustum)
Under just war theory, this is the morality of going to war; right to go to war
Jus ad bellum
Under just war theory, this is the moral conduct within war
Jus in bello
Under just war theory, this is the morality of post-war settlement and reconstruction
Jus post bellum
Cogently defines war as a rational instrument of foreign policy: “an act of violence intended to compel our opponent to fulfill our will.”
Von Clausewitz
