7. SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

Question 1

A loosely organized effort by a large group of people to achieve a social or political goal which is to carry out, resist or undo a social change

Answer 1

Social movement

Question 2

According to this theorist, a social movement comprises of three elements which are 1) network of informal interactions between a plurality of individuals, groups and/or organizations 2) engaged in a political or cultural conflict 3) based on a shared collective identity

Answer 2

Mario Diani

Question 3

A series of contentious performances, displays and campaigns by which ordinary people make collective claims on others; social movements are a major vehicle for ordinary people’s participation in public politics

Answer 3

Charles Tilly

Question 4

What are the three elements of social movements according to Charles Tilly?

Answer 4

Campaigns, repertoire (repertoire of contention), and WUNC (worthiness, unity, numbers, and commitment)

Question 5

The theorist who posited that the three elements of social movements are: campaigns, repertoire (repertoire of contention), and WUNC (worthiness, unity, numbers, and commitment)

Answer 5

Charles Tilly

Question 6

A social movement involves a set of opinions and beliefs in a population which represents preferences for changing some elements of the social structure and/or reward distribution of a society

Answer 6

John McCarthy and Mayer Zald

Question 7

Social movement is a form of political association between persons who have at least a minimal sense of themselves as connected to others in common purpose and who come together across an extended period to effect social change in the name of that purpose

Answer 7

Paul Van Seeters and Paul James

Question 8

Theorist who posited that a social movement is an act of coming together and that the conditions of ‘coming together’ are:

• Formation of collective identity
• Development of a shared normative orientation
• Sharing of a concern for change of the status quo and
• Occurrence of moments of practical action that are at least subjectively connected across time addressing this concern for change

Answer 8

Paul Van Seeters and Paul James

Question 9

What are the stages of social movements?

Answer 9

1) Emergence
2) Coalition-building
3) Bureaucratization
4) Decline

Question 10

Holds that a social movement is often created after many people realize that there are others sharing the same value and desire for a particular social change

Answer 10

Volcanic model

Question 11

[THEORY] Social movements have their foundations among people who feel deprived of some good(s) or resource(s)

Answer 11

Deprivation theory under collective behavior theory

Question 12

[THEORY] Social movements are made up of individuals in large societies who feel insignificant or socially detached

Answer 12

Mass society theory under collective behavior theory

Question 13

[THEORY] Social movements provide a sense of empowerment and belonging that the movement members would otherwise not have

Answer 13

Mass society theory under collective behavior theory

Question 14

[THEORY] Six factors that encourage the development of social movements:

1) Structural conduciveness - people come to believe their society has problems
2) Structural strain - people experience deprivation
3) Growth and spread of a solution - a solution to the problems people are experiencing is proposed and spreads
4) Precipitating factors - discontent usually requires a catalyst (often a specific event) to turn it into a social movement
5) Lack of social control - the entity that is to be changed must be at least somewhat open to the change; if the social movement is quickly and powerfully repressed, it may never materialize
6) Mobilization - this is the actual organizing and active component of the movement; people do what needs to be done

Answer 14

Structural strain/Value-added theory under collective behavior theory

Question 15

[THEORY] Importance of resources in social movement development and success

Answer 15

Resource mobilization theory

Question 16

[THEORY] Three vital components for movement formation:

1) Insurgent consciousness - the collective sense of injustice
2) Organizational strength - for a social movement to emerge and organize it must have strong leadership and sufficient resources.
3) Political Opportunity - receptivity or vulnerability of the existing political system to challenge.

Answer 16

Political process theory

Question 17

According to political process theory, these are the three vital components for movement formation.

Answer 17

1) Insurgent consciousness
2) Organizational strength
3) Political opportunity

Question 18

[THEORY] For social movements to successfully mobilize individuals, they must develop an injustice frame (a collection of ideas and symbols that illustrate both how significant the problem is as well as what the movement can do to alleviate it)

Answer 18

Cultural/Psychological theory

Question 19

[THEORIST] - A social movement involves collective challenges to elites, authorities, other groups or cultural codes by people with common purposes and solidarity in sustained interactions with elites, opponents and authorities.
- Social movements are different from political parties and advocacy groups.

Answer 19

Sidney Tarrow