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DT > 8 - Performance characteristics of Polymers > Flashcards

8 - Performance characteristics of Polymers Flashcards

1
Q

Define thermosetting polymer (2)

A
  • A material which when heated undergoes a chemical change whereby the molecules from rigid cross links
  • They cannot be reheated and reshaped, even at very high temperatures
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2
Q

Names of thermosetting polymers (4)

A
  • Urea Formaldehyde (UF)
  • Melamine formaldehyde (MF)
  • Polyester resin
  • Epoxy resin
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3
Q

Properties of Urea formaldehyde (5)

A
  • Hard
  • Heat resistant
  • Good electrical insulator
  • Brittle
  • Safe working temp 80°c
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4
Q

Uses of urea formaldehyde (2)

A
  • Electrical fittings
  • Adhesives
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5
Q

Properties of melamine formaldehyde (MF) (6)

A
  • Hard
  • Opaque
  • Tough
  • Heat resistant food safe
  • Chemical resistant
  • Safe working temp 130°c
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6
Q

Uses of melamine formaldehyde (MF) (3)

A
  • Decorative laminates
  • Picnic ware
  • Buttons
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7
Q

Properties of polyester resin (5)

A
  • Rigid • Heat resistant
  • Chemical resistant
  • Brittle
  • Safe working temp 95°c
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8
Q

Uses of polyester resin (3)

A
  • Castings
  • Used in layup process for glass reinforced plastic (GRP) for boat hulls
  • car parts e,g chair seats
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9
Q

Properties of epoxy resin (6)

A
  • Rigid
  • Clear
  • Hard
  • Tough
  • Chemical resistant
  • Safe working temp 80°c-200°c
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10
Q

Uses of epoxy resin (6)

A
  • Adhesives
  • Surface coatings
  • Encapsulation of electrical components
  • Cardiac pacemakers
  • Aerospace applications
  • Used in lay-up techniques with Carbon fibre reinforced plastic
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11
Q

Define a thermoforming/thermo plastic

A

A material that can be repeatedly reheated and shaped

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12
Q

Names of thermoplastics (9)

A
  • Low density polyethylene (LDPE)
  • High density polyethylene (HDPE)
  • Polypropylene (PP)
  • High impact polystyrene (HIPS)
  • Acrylonitrile butadiene (ABS)
  • Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)
  • Nylon
  • Rigid polyvinyl chloride (uPVC)
  • Flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
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13
Q

Properties of low density polyethylene (LDPE) (6)

A
  • Very tough
  • Good chemical resistance
  • Weatherproof
  • Available in translucent
  • Low level of rigidity
  • Safe working temp 65°c
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14
Q

Uses of low density polyethylene (LDPE) (5)

A
  • Squeezy detergent bottles
  • Toys
  • Carrier bags
  • Bin liners
  • General packaging - food wrap film, food trays
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15
Q

Properties of high density polyethylene (HDPE) (5)

A
  • Available in translucent form
  • Weatherproof
  • Tough
  • Good chemical resistance
  • Safe working temp 65°c
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16
Q

Uses of high density polyethylene (HDPE) (7)

A
  • Chemical drums
  • Jerry cans
  • Toys
  • Household and kitchen ware
  • Long life Carrier bags
  • Buckets
  • Bowls
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17
Q

Properties of polypropylene (PP) (3)

A
  • Available in translucent form
  • Good chemical resistance
  • Safe working temp 65°C
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18
Q

Uses of polypropylene (PP) (6)

A
  • Rope
  • Folders
  • Folio cases
  • food containers
  • Medical equipment
  • Hinged container lids
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19
Q

Properties of high impact polystyrene (HIPS) (5)

A
  • Hard
  • Rigid
  • Available in translucent form
  • Tough
  • Safe working temp 70°c
20
Q

Uses of high impact polystyrene (HIPS) (4)

A
  • Yoghurt pots
  • Refrigeration linings
  • Single use drink cups
  • Instrument control knobs
21
Q

Properties of Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) (4)

A
  • Extremely Tough
  • Hard
  • Available in opaque
  • Safe working temperature 80°c
22
Q

Uses of Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) (7)

A
  • Telephone handsets
  • Rigid luggage
  • Domestic appliances
  • Handles
  • Computers
  • Remote control casings
  • Calculator casings
23
Q

Properties of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) (5)

A
  • Tough
  • Hard
  • Good chemical resistance
  • Available in translucent
  • Safe working temp 95°c
24
Q

Uses of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) (5)

A
  • Car light casings
  • CNC laser cut items
  • Lighting units
  • Lighting covers
  • Baths
25
Q

Properties of nylon (5)

A
  • Tough
  • Corrosion resistant
  • Good temperature resistance
  • Low co-efficient of friction
  • Safe working temp 150°C
26
Q

Uses of Nylon (7)

A
  • Bearings
  • Gears
  • Curtain rails
  • Textiles
  • Boil-in-the-bag food packaging
  • Car engine manifolds
  • Cable ties
27
Q

Properties of Rigid polyvinyl chloride (uPVC) (7)

A
  • Rigid
  • Opaque
  • Tough
  • Hard
  • Good weathering resistance
  • Fire retardant
  • Safe working temp 95°C
28
Q

Uses of Rigid polyvinyl chloride (uPVC) (5)

A

• Window frames • External doors • Guttering and downpipes for buildings • Water service pipes • Bank cards

29
Q

Properties of flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) (6)

A
  • Available in translucent
  • Tough
  • Flexible
  • Good weathering resistance
  • Good chemical resistance
  • Safe working temp 95°C
30
Q

Uses of Flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC)(5)

A
  • Hose pipes
  • Cable insulation
  • Medical grade tubing
  • Inflatable products
  • Imitation leather seat coverings
31
Q

What are elastomers?

A

Are materials that ,at room temperature, can be deformed under pressure and then, upon release of the pressure, will it return to its original shape

32
Q

Examples of elastomers (3)

A
  • Natural rubber (polyisoprene)
  • Butadiene rubber (BR)
  • Neoprene (polychloropone rubber)
33
Q

Properties of natural rubber (polyisoprene) (5)

A
  • High tensile strength
  • Low elongation
  • Good hardness (compared to others)
  • Electrical insulator
  • Good cold resistance
34
Q

Uses of natural rubber (polyisoprene) (8)

A
  • Automotive industry e.g tyres
  • Tubes
  • Hoses
  • Gaskets
  • Belts
  • Balloons
  • Toys
  • Footwear
35
Q

Properties of butadiene rubber (BR) (4)

A
  • Tough
  • Excellent wear resistance against friction
  • Good thermal resistance against friction
  • Electrical insulator
36
Q

Uses of butadiene rubber (BR) (6)

A
  • Vehicle tyres
  • Shoes soles
  • Toys
  • Conveyor belts
  • Water
  • Pneumatic hoses
37
Q

Properties of Neoprene (polychloroprene rubber) (6)

A
  • Good thermal resistance
  • Toughness
  • Good oil and chemical resistance
  • Excellent weather resistance
  • Good abrasion resistance
  • Electrical insulator
38
Q

Uses of Neoprene (polychlroprene rubber) (8)

A
  • Wetsuits
  • Laptop cases
  • Industrial wire insulation
  • Automatice applications e.g shock absorber seals
  • Hose covers
  • Transmission belts
  • Gaskets
  • Door seals
39
Q

Properties of silicone (6)

A
  • Good flexibility at low temperatures
  • Poor abrasion resistance
  • Good thermal resistance and resistance to temperature extremes
  • Good weather resistance
  • Good lubricating qualities
  • Electrical insulator
40
Q

Uses of silicone (8)

A
  • Flexible ice cube trays
  • Bakeware
  • Cooking utensils
  • Seals for refrigerators
  • Machinery lubricant
  • Sealants
  • Mould making
  • Medical uses e.g lubricants for prosthetics, tubing for drug delivery systems
41
Q

Plastics recycling

A
42
Q

Why are polymers enhanced?

A

To offer several advantages such as improved aesthetics and working properties through additives

43
Q

Performance characteristics of polymers (12)

A
  • Toughness
  • Biodegradeability
  • UV resistance
  • Corrosion resistance
  • Chemical resistance
  • Liquids resistance
  • Self finishing
  • Melting points
  • Recyclability
  • Elasticity
  • Ability to be moulded
  • Suitability for food packaging applications
44
Q

Characteristics of polymers

A
  • Made mostly from a non-renewable energy resource in crude oil
  • Synthetic polymers are made from crude oil and take hundreds of years to degrade
  • Polymers are self finished as it can be pigmented during the manufacture process to give colour therefore require no secondary finishing process
45
Q

Stock forms (6)

A
  • Granules - a small particle of plastic
  • Sheet - large flat sections of polymer in varying thicknesses
  • Film - very thin sheet polymer
  • Rods and other extruded forms, tubes and bars
  • Foam - solid form made by including air or other gases e.g styrofoam from expanded polystyrene
  • Powder - a very fine granule of polymer

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