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DT > 6 - Performance characteristics of Woods > Flashcards

6 - Performance characteristics of Woods Flashcards

1
Q

Types of woods (3)

A
  • Hardwoods
  • Softwoods
  • Manufactured boards
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2
Q

Types of hardwoods (6)

A
  • Oak
  • Ash
  • Mahogany
  • Teak
  • Birch
  • Beech
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3
Q

Types of softwoods (5)

A
  • Pine (European redwood)
  • Spruce
  • Douglas fir
  • Larch
  • Cedar
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4
Q

Types of manufactured boards

A
  • Plywood
  • Marine plywood
  • Aeroply
  • Flexible plywood
  • Chipboard
  • MDF
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5
Q

Characteristics/properties of Oak (5)

A
  • Hard
  • Tough
  • Attractive grain
  • Good weather resistance
  • Contains tannic acid which will corrode steel screws or fixings
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6
Q

Uses of Oak (5)

A
  • Furniture
  • Flooring
  • Boat building
  • Cladding
  • Interior and exterior joinery
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7
Q

Properties/characteristics of Ash (2)

A
  • Tough
  • Attractive open grain pattern - making it more flexible
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8
Q

Uses of Ash (4)

A
  • Tool handles
  • Ladders
  • Sports goods
  • Laminating
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9
Q

Properties/characteristics of mahogany (2)

A
  • Can contain interlocking grain - makes it more difficult to work
  • Rich dark red colour
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10
Q

Uses of mahogany (3)

A
  • Indoor furniture
  • Shop fittings and cabinets
  • Veneers commonly used on manufactured boards
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11
Q

Properties of teak (5)

A
  • Hard
  • Tough
  • Straight grain
  • Natural idols resist moisture
  • Acids and Alkalis
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12
Q

Uses of teak (3)

A
  • Outdoor furniture
  • Laboratory benches
  • Traditional boat decks
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13
Q

Properties of Birch (3)

A
  • Hard
  • Straight close grained
  • Resists warping
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14
Q

Uses of Birch (3)

A
  • Furniture
  • Indoor panelling
  • Veneers used for Birch-faced plywood construction
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15
Q

Properties/characteristics of beech (5)

A
  • Tough
  • Close grained
  • Hard
  • Available instead and un-steamed
  • Does not impart a taste to food
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16
Q

Uses of beech (5)

A
  • Chairs
  • Chopping boards
  • Tools (mallets)
  • Steam-bent laminated furniture
  • Turned bowls
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17
Q

Properties/characteristics of pine (3)

A
  • Straight grain
  • Knotty
  • Can contain resinous knots
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18
Q

Uses of pine (3)

A
  • Constriction work
  • Roof beams and timber frame construction
  • Interior joinery
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19
Q

Properties of spruce (2)

A
  • Straight grain
  • Resistant to splitting
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20
Q

Uses of spruce

A

• Indoor furniture

21
Q

Properties of Douglas fir (4)

A
  • Straight or slightly wavy grain
  • Few knots
  • Stable
  • Good resistance to corrosion
22
Q

Uses of Douglas fir (3)

A
  • Veneers
  • Plywood construction
  • Joinery and construction work
23
Q

Properties of Larch (4)

A
  • Hard
  • Tough
  • Attractive grain pattern fades to silver upon exposure outside
  • Good resistance to moisture
24
Q

Uses of Larch (4)

A
  • Garden Furniture
  • Cladding
  • Decking
  • Fencing
25
Q

Properties of Cedar (5)

A
  • Straight grain
  • Can corrode ferrous metals due to acidic nature
  • Low density
  • Good sounds damping
  • Good resistance to moisture
26
Q

Uses of cedar (5)

A
  • Exterior cladding
  • Sheds
  • Greenhouses
  • Beehives
  • Interior planning
27
Q

Properties/characteristics of plywood (3)

A
  • Good strength in all directions
  • No grain weakness
  • Odd number of layers
28
Q

Uses of plywood (4)

A
  • Structural work
  • Desk tops
  • Indoor furniture
  • Floorboards
29
Q

Properties/characteristics of marine plywood (2)

A
  • Resistant to moisture - as it is constructed by gap- and void-free and uses specialist water and boil proof (WBP) glue
  • Higher quality marine plywood is also resistant to fungal attack
30
Q

Uses of marine plywood (2)

A
  • Boat dashboards
  • Boat lockers and panelling
31
Q

Properties/characteristics of aeroply (4)

A
  • Plywood Made from high-quality timber such as Birch
  • Available in very thin sheets
  • Lightweight
  • Easy to bend around a support frame
32
Q

Uses of aeroply (4)

A
  • Gliders
  • Laminated Furniture
  • Laser cut projects
  • Jewellery items
33
Q

Properties/characteristics of flexible plywood (2)

A
  • Odd number of layers glued together with two outer layers made from open grained timber which allows the sheet to flex
  • Bent and clued around a former to achieve a solid shape
34
Q

Uses of flexible plywood (2)

A
  • Laminated Furniture
  • Curved panels
35
Q

Properties/characteristics of chipboard

A

Wood chips compressed with a resin such as urea formaldehyde

36
Q

Uses of chipboard

A
  • soften veneered or covered with polymer laminate
  • Kitchen worktops and units
  • Shelving and flat-pack Furniture
37
Q

Properties/characteristics of MDF (2)

A
  • MDF is compressed wood fibres although sometimes urea formaldehyde is added as an additional resin
  • Two smooth faces available in either standard grade or veneered with a layer of timber
38
Q

Uses of MDF (2)

A
  • Model or mould making
  • Furniture items e.g bookcases, cabinets and desks
39
Q

Wood stock forms (4)

A
  • Rough sawn
  • Plain squared edge
  • Planed all round
  • Natural wood
40
Q

Rough sawn - wood stock form (2)

A
  • The wood comes direct from seasoning and has rough surfaces produced during initial conversion
  • Rough-sawn wood will have normal sizes rather than accurate finishes and is the cheapest stock form to buy
41
Q

Planed square edge (PSE) - wood stock form (2)

A
  • Wood has only one edge that is planted accurately; the rest are rough sawn
  • Planning removes about 3mm from the original nominal size
42
Q

Planed all round (PAR) - wood stock form (2)

A
  • Wood has sides and edges that are all planed square, straight and level, leaving a smooth finish, and is ready to use
  • The PAR board is about 3mm smaller all round than the original rough-sawn nominal size and is the most expensive stock form to buy
43
Q

Natural wood - wood stock form (3)

A
  • Natural wood comes from trees and is available only at the maximum width of the tree
  • To produce a wide desktop, natural wood planks need to be joined together
  • Planks should be joined with the end grain going in opposite direction to minimise distortion
44
Q

Manufactured boards (2)

A
  • These are man-made and produced in large sheets, typically 1220mm x 2440mm
  • Wide surfaces can be produced from one sheet without the neeed for joining processes
45
Q

Characteristics of wood (3)

A

• Strong in along the grain and weaker across the grain

  • They are converted from the tree into useable pieces and then seasoned to remove excess moisture (80-90 per cent)
  • Is seasoned to help prevent defects such as twisting, warping, cracks, cupping or bowing
46
Q

How can you reduce the time it takes to season wood?

A

Trees should be felled in winter when they grow less, have less sap and therefore contain the least moisture

47
Q

Air seasoning (5)

A
  • Is traditional and inexpensive
  • Wood is stacked in a shelter outside, protected from rain
  • Air circulates between the planks too remove excess moisture
  • Its a slow,process, taking up to one year
  • The wood is used for outdoor products
48
Q

Kiln seasoning

A
  • Is expensive, using controlled temperature and humidity levels
  • The wood is stacked on trolleys
  • It is initially steamy in the kiln then becomes hotter and drier
  • It is a quick process, taking up to a few week
  • Wood is used for indoor products
49
Q

Benefits of seasoning wood (4)

A
  • Gives greater immunity from decay and increased resistance to rot
  • Increases strength and stability
  • Helps preservatives to penetrate
  • Makes Wood less corrosive to metals

DT (25 decks)

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