7 - Performance characteristics of metals Flashcards
1
Q
What are metals? (5)
A
- Are a naturally occurring material
- mined from the ground
- Approx. 25% of earth’s crust is made up of metal ores
- Bauxite is the most common
- Metals is extracted through a combination of crushing, smelting and heating with addition of chemicals and huge amounts of electrical energy
2
Q
What ore does copper come from
A
Chalcopyrite
3
Q
What ore does aluminium come from
A
Bauxite
4
Q
What ore does tin come from
A
Cassiterite
5
Q
What ore does zinc come from
A
Zinc blende
6
Q
What are non ferrous metals
A
Are metals which don’t contain iron
7
Q
What are ferrous metals (2)
A
- Are metals containing mostly iron and carbon
- Are magnetic and will rust
8
Q
What are alloys
A
A metals made for two or more metals, or combing two or more elements, one of which must be a metal
9
Q
Example of non ferrous metals (7)
A
• Aluminium • Copper • Zinc • Silver • Gold • Titanium • Tin
10
Q
Examples of ferrous metals (3)
A
• Low carbon steel • Medium carbon steel • Cast iron
11
Q
Examples of ferrous alloys
A
• Stainless steel • High speed steel (HSS) • Die steel (tool steel)
12
Q
Example of non-ferrous alloys (4)
A
• Bronze • Brass • Duralumin • Pewter
13
Q
Properties of aluminium (7)
A
- Lightweight
- Ductile
- Malleable
- Corrosion resistant
- Electrical and thermal conductor
- Can be (MIG) and (TIG) heat welded
- Melting temp 660°C
14
Q
Uses of aluminium (6)
A
- Drink cans
- Aircraft bodies
- Bike frames
- Window frames
- Packaging
- Baking foil
15
Q
Uses of copper (5)
A
- Electrical wire
- Printed Electrical circuits
- Water pipes
- Hot water tanks
- Central heating pipes
16
Q
Properties of copper (7)
A
- Ductile
- Malleable
- Tough
- Corrosion resistant
- Good Electrical and thermal conductor
- Can be soldered and brazed • Melting temp 1083°C
17
Q
Properties of zinc (3)
A
- Low melting point
- Good Corrosion resistance
- Melting temp 420°C
18
Q
Uses of Zinc (4)
A
- Galvanising steel as protective coating for dustbins
- Buckets
- Farm gates
- Intricate die castings
19
Q
Properties of silver (5)
A
- Malleable
- Ductile
- Corrosion resistant
- Can be soldered
- Melting temp 962°C
20
Q
Uses of silver (3)
A
- Jewellery
- Cutlery
- Used for plating other materials
21
Q
Properties of gold (5)
A
- Malleable
- Ductile
- Corrosion resistant
- Can be soldered
- Melting temp 1063°C
22
Q
Uses of Gold (4)
A
- Jewellery
- Electronic components
- Connectors
- Switch components
23
Q
Properties of titanium (4)
A
- Hard
- Similar strength to steels but more lightweight
- High resistance to Corrosion
- Melting temp 1668°C
24
Q
Uses of titanium (8)
A
- Joint replacements
- Tooth implants
- Spectacle frames
- Aircraft
- Spacecraft
- Golf clubs
- Bicycles
- Ship hulls
25
Properties of tin (5)
* Ductile
* Malleable
* Low Melting point
* Corrosion resistant
* Melting temp 232°C
26
Uses of tin (3)
* Soft solder
* Coatings for food cans
* Rarely used in pure form
27
Properties of low carbon steel (7)
* Ductile
* High tensile strength
* Tough
* Malleable
* Poor resistance to Corrosion
* 0.15-0.30% carbon content
* Melting temp 1427°C
28
Uses of low carbon steel (6)
* Nuts
* Bolts
* Washers
* Screws
* Car bodies
* Outer panels for white goods
29
Properties of medium carbon steel (3)
* Harder than low carbon steel but less Ductile
* Malleable and Tough
* 0.30-0.70% carbon content
30
Uses of medium carbon steel (2)
* Springs
* Gardening tools (trowels, forks)
31
Properties of cast iron (4)
* Hard outer skin but brittle core
* Good under compression
* 3.5% carbon
* Melting temp 1149°C
32
Uses of cast iron (6)
* Disc brakes
* Machine parts
* Engine blocks
* Sheet Furniture e.g decorative bollards
* Bins
* Lighting
33
Properties of stainless steel (5)
* Tough
* Hard
* Corrosion resistant
* 18% chrome, 8% nickel
* Melting temp 1510°C
34
Uses of stainless steel (3)
* Sinks
* Kitchenware
* Cutlery
35
Properties of high speed steel (HSS) (4)
* Hard
* Tough
* High level of resistance to frictional heat
* 18% tungsten 4% chromium 1% vanadium 0.5-0.8% carbon
36
Uses of high speed steel (HSS) (4)
* Tool blades
* Drill bits
* Milling cutters
* Router bits
37
Properties of die steel (tool steel) (2)
* Hard
* Tough
38
Uses of die steel (tool steel) (3)
* Blanking pushes and dies
* Extruder dies
* Fine press tools
39
Properties of bronze (5)
* Tough
* Corrosion resistant
* Can be cast
* 90% copper 10% tin
* Melting temp 850-1000°C
40
Uses of bronze (3)
* Statues
* Coins
* Bearings
41
Properties of brass (6)
* Corrosion resistant
* Good Electrical and thermal conductor
* Low melting point
* Casts well
* 65% copper 35% zinc
* Melting temp 930°C
42
Uses of brass (4)
* Boats fittings
* Door Furniture
* Cast valves and taps
* Ornaments
43
Properties of duralumin (4)
* Equivalent strength properties to low carbon steel but more lightweight
* Ductile
* Becomes harder as it’s worked
* 4% copper 1% magnesium and manganese
44
Uses of duralumin (2)
* Aircraft parts
* Vehicle parts
45
Properties of pewter (5)
* Malleable
* Low melting point
* Casts well
* 85-99% tin, with remainder consisting of copper and antimony
* Melting temp 170-230°C
46
Uses of pewter (7)
* Tankards
* Flasks
* Goblets
* Photo frames
* Decorative items
* Candlesticks
* Sports trophies
47
Metal stock forms (5)
* Sheet - large flat sections of metal in varying thicknesses from less than 1mm up to approximately 3mm
* Plate - is generally thicker than 3mm and narrower than sheet metals
* Bar - is solid form, flat bar, square bar, round bar or heaxagonal bar
* Tube - is hollow in cross-section and can be quads, rectangular round or hexagonal
* Structural angular - shapes such as H beams, L beams, I beams, tee bar and channel
48
How is aluminium suitable for Aircraft bodies? (3)
* Aluminium is lightweight and strong
* Aluminium doesn't corrode as readily compared to steels
* Aluminium holds its strength at higher temperatures
49
How is aluminium suitable for bike frames? (3)
* corrosion resistant asking it last longer
* Fairly lightweight
* High strength-to-weight ration
50
How is aluminium suitable for window frames? (2)
* Robust especially when exposed to the elements
* Unaffected by UV rays
51
How is aluminium suitable for packaging and foil?
Provides a complete barrier to light, oxygen, moisture and bacteria
52
How is aluminium suitable for drink cans? (5)
* Malleable which allows the can to be deep drawn into shape
* Lightweight which makes it easy to lift and transport
* A food shape material, user won't be poisoned when drinking from the can
* Doesn't rust in contact with the liquid
* Easily recyclable due to low melting point
