13 - Design manufacture and project management

Question 1

Benefits of increased accuracy and efficiency (4)

Answer 1

• Reduced time to market
• Competitive advantage
• Increased market share
• Satisfied customers

Question 2

Economic advantages of increased accuracy and efficiency (3)

Answer 2

• Reducing expenditure on energy and materials
• Reducing manufacturing and labour costs
• Reducing the cost of waste processing and disposal

Question 3

Environmental implications of increased accuracy and efficiency in manufacture (4)

Answer 3

• Fewer resources used
• Less energy used
• Lower levels of pollution
• Less waste created

Question 4

Importance of 3D CAD modelling to designers

Answer 4

Allows then to test various things such as: anthropometrics and ergonomics, function and usability, form and aesthetics and tolerances

Question 5

Ways of consumer testing (3)

Answer 5

• In home studies and surveys
• Consumer consulting Board’s
• Focus groups

Question 6

Importance of accurate measuring to increase efficiency

Answer 6

This can reduce waste, material costs, disposal and recycling costs as well as time required

Question 7

Material allowances (2)

Answer 7

• When using different materials, allowances may be used to make it easier for the task to be completed accurately
• For example a graphic product may use a narrow bleed

Question 8

Computer-aided manufacturing (3)

Answer 8

• Enables greater repetitive accuracy and is used in batch, mass and continuous production methods
• CAM machines include: laser cutters, CNC routers lathes and milking machines
• Machines read code generated from CAD software which can plot efficient tool paths, these can be optimised

Question 9

Jig, templates, patterns and fixtures

Answer 9

Are commonly used in small and medium production saving time and increasing accuracy

Question 10

Patterns

Answer 10

Can be full size guides on paper, card or hardboard and include accurate information for drilling, cutting etc but a pattern is also the term for a wooden shape used for casting

Question 11

Templates

Answer 11

Can be more permanent than a pattern; this will often be a piece of board material cut from a pattern

Question 12

Jigs and fixtures

Answer 12

Are used to hold materials to be cut drilled or machined accurately and safely

Question 13

Processes used in the production of cosmetic products (4)

Answer 13

• Forming and moulding
• Applications of labels
• Insertion of product
• Application of lids and caps

Question 14

Importance of sub-assembly

Answer 14

This allows manufacturers to outsource parts, make use of specialist skilled labour and increases efficiency and quality

Question 15

Benefit of sub-assembly

Answer 15

Can simplify and speed up the manufacturing process

Question 16

Define sub-assembly

Answer 16

A self-contained, separately manufactured element incorporated in a final product’s assembly

Question 17

Advantages of computer aided design (CAD) (3)

Answer 17

• The design and development process is faster and more accurate due to advantages of editing and developing files rather than by hand
• Networking facilitates collaborative work across different offices and countries
• Highly accurate files can be sent to a range of CAM machines such as laser cutters, routers, lathes and milling machines

Question 18

Disadvantages of computer aided design (CAD) (3)

Answer 18

• It is expensive to set up due to hardware and software costs and training
• Software requires regular updating and requires ongoing technical support
• CAD is not always convenient for quick recording of ideas