8- Pathology

Question 1

AIDS

Answer 1

a disease in which there is a severe loss of the body’s cellular immunity, greatly lowering the resistance to infection and malignancy

Question 2

anaphylaxis

Answer 2

life threatening immune response to foreign substance that causes rapid inflammation, vasodilation and bronchospasms

Question 3

aneurysm

Answer 3

widening and ballooning of the blood vessel, weakening of the blood vessel wall

Question 4

angina pectoris

Answer 4

chest pain

Question 5

anemia:
-aplastic
-hemolytic
-iron deficiency
-pernicious
-sickle cell

Answer 5

pathological reduction of red blood cells characterized by patient weakness and fatigue:
-red blood cells not being formed in sufficient quantities
-destruction of red blood cells
-inadequate iron intake
-vitamin B deficiency affecting red blood cell production
-misshaped red blood cells causing obstructions

Question 6

antibody

Answer 6

substance produced by body due to presence of an antigen

Question 7

antigen

Answer 7

substance that causes the body to produce antibodies

Question 8

aortic regurgitation

Answer 8

backflow of blood from the aorta into the heart; cause by weak heart valve

Question 9

atrial fibrillation

Answer 9

quivering or spontaneous contraction of the atrium

Question 10

atrial septal defect

Answer 10

flaw in the atrial septum

Question 11

autoimmune disease

Answer 11

disease caused by the immune system attacking healthy body tissue

Question 12

cardiac arrest

Answer 12

cessation of circulation

Question 13

congestive cardiomyopathy

Answer 13

heart cavity unable to pump all blood out of it, heart wall becomes stretched causing weak/slow pumping of blood

Question 14

congestive heart failure

Answer 14

inability of heart chambers to pump and fill adequately resulting in a build up of fluid in the lungs and surrounding body tissues

Question 15

coronary artery bypass graft

Answer 15

borrowed piece of blood vessel to bypass narrowed or blocked coronary artery and improve blood supply to the heart

Question 16

coronary artery disease

Answer 16

an abnormal condition that may affect the heart’s coronary arteries and circulation which can cause damage to the heart tissue

Question 17

deep vein thrombosis

Answer 17

formation of blood clot located in the deeper veins of the body usually the lower extremity

Question 18

ecchymosis

Answer 18

discoloration of the skin caused by bruising

Question 19

embolus

Answer 19

any form of matter that begins to form in circulation (air bubble, blood clot, and/or plaques)

Question 20

Epstein-Barr virus

Answer 20

virus that causes mononucleosis

Question 21

hemophilia

Answer 21

inability for the blood to clot due to a hereditary lack of blood clotting factors

Question 22

hemorrhage

Answer 22

blood loss from a ruptured blood vessel

Question 23

Hodgkin lymphoma

Answer 23

a type of cancer affecting the lymphatic system involving uncontrolled growth of lymphocytes

Question 24

hypertension

Answer 24

abnormally high blood pressure

Question 25

Holter monitor

Answer 25

a small portable device worn by a patient during normal activity to obtain a record of cardiac arrhythmia

Question 26

human immunodeficiency virus

Answer 26

a virus that attacks the immune system and suppresses the immune response which then progresses to AIDS

Question 27

immunocompromised

Answer 27

having an impaired immune system that does not respond normally or completely to a pathogen or disease

Question 28

ischemia

Answer 28

reduced blood flow

Question 29

leukemia

Answer 29

cancer of the blood or bone marrow, characterized by an abnormal increase of white blood cells

Question 30

lymphedema

Answer 30

swelling caused by accumulation of lymph, usually in the extremities

Question 31

malaise

Answer 31

vague feeling of bodily discomfort which may be first indication of infection or disease

Question 32

measles

Answer 32

a viral infection causing a red, blotchy rash; can be fatal in small children

Question 33

mononucleosis

Answer 33

a disease caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, transmitted through saliva and characterized by fatigue, rash, and swollen glands

Question 34

mumps

Answer 34

a viral infection that affects the salivary glands

Question 35

murmur

Answer 35

abnormal heart sound due to inability of heart valves to close completely during contractions

Question 36

myocardial infarction

Answer 36

death of heart muscle tissues also known as a heart attack

Question 37

occlusion

Answer 37

closing or blockage of a package

Question 38

palpitation

Answer 38

an abnormal rapid or irregular beating of the heart

Question 39

pancytopenia

Answer 39

deficiency of all cellular components of the blood

Question 40

pericardial effusion

Answer 40

extra fluid collecting between the heart and pericardium, causing pressure on the heart

Question 41

petechiae

Answer 41

small bruising of the skin

Question 42

polycythemia

Answer 42

abnormal increase of red blood cells which risk of clots

Question 43

pulmonary circulation

Answer 43

circulation of blood from heart to lungs

Question 44

rubella

Answer 44

a viral infection causing a distinctive red rash and fever

Question 45

rheumatic heart disease

Answer 45

a streptococcal infection that causes damage to the heart valves and heart muscles

Question 46

systemic circulation

Answer 46

circulation of blood from heart to entire body

Question 47

ventricular septal defect

Answer 47

flaw in the septum between the ventricles