11- Pathology and Diagnosis/Treatment

Question 1

azotemia

Answer 1

excessive waste in the blood in the form of nitrogen due to the kidneys not filtering properly

Question 2

azoturia

Answer 2

excessive waste in the urine in the form nitrogen due to the metabolizing excess amino acids

Question 3

epispadias

Answer 3

birth defect in which the opening of the urethra open so on the upper side of the penis instead of the end

Question 4

enuresis
incontinence

Answer 4

inability to control urination

Question 5

hemodialysis

Answer 5

procedure when a machine removes the waste from the blood when the kidneys are impaired, also called kidney dialysis

Question 6

hyponatremia

Answer 6

low sodium in the blood can be caused by excessive sweating coupled with lack of replacement of electrolytes or excessive water intake (dilutes blood)

Question 7

hypospadias

Answer 7

birth defect in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside of the penis instead of the end

Question 8

hypernephroma

Answer 8

cancer of the kidney, also known as renal cell carcinoma

Question 9

micturition
micturate
void
voiding

Answer 9

another term for urination

Question 10

nocturnal enuresis

Answer 10

nighttime involuntary urination

Question 11

over active bladder (OAB)

Answer 11

frequent sudden urge to urinate

Question 12

peritoneal dialysis

Answer 12

a procedure that uses the lining of the abdomen to filter and clean the blood inside of the body when the kidneys are not functioning adequately

Question 13

polycystic kidney disease

Answer 13

disease characterized by the formation of many fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys

Question 14

stress urinary incontinence

Answer 14

loss of bladder control caused by the application of external pressure which may be from exercise, sneezing, laughing or coughing

Question 15

urinary tract infection (UTI)

Answer 15

infection of any part of the urinary system, usually involving the bladder (cystitis) and urethra

Question 16

vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)

Answer 16

abnormal backward flow of urine from bladder to ureter

Question 17

blood urea nitrogen

Answer 17

blood test detecting excess waste in the form of nitrogen and urea which indicates kidneys are not functioning properly due to excessive breakdown of amino acids

Question 18

diuretic

Answer 18

dietary or medicinal product that increases urination

Question 19

urinary catheterization

Answer 19

procedure of inserting a flexible tube through the urethra to drain the bladder

Question 20

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

Answer 20

breakdown of kidney stones using sound waves generated outside the body

Question 21

intracorporeal lithotripsy

Answer 21

breakdown of kidney stones using a device placed inside the body

Question 22

intravenous pyelogram (IVP)

Answer 22

x-ray of urinary tract after a contrast has been administered through an IV

Question 23

retrograde pyelogram (RP)

Answer 23

x-ray of the urinary tract after a contrast has been administered through a catheter into the urethra and directly into bladder

Question 24

voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)

Answer 24

x-ray of bladder and kidney after bladder is filled with liquid contrast and then x-ray is taken while patient urinates