8: Nonpharm Treatments

Question 1

What are DM nutrition goals?

Answer 1

• Type 1:
  
  • Improved glycemic control
  • Prevention of hypoglycemia
• Type 2:
  
  • Improved glycemic control
  • Weight loss

Question 2

While weight loss is important, what are calorie minimums and recommendations for men and women?

Answer 2

• Men:
  
  • 1,200-1,600 (minimum)
  • 1,800-2,000 (recommended)
• Women:
  
  • 1,000-1,200 (minimum)
  • 1,500 (recommended)

Question 3

What are fiber goals for DM?

Answer 3

• 20-35 mg/day
• 14 g/1,000 kcal

Question 4

What levels of FBG should avoid exercise?

Answer 4

• >250 mg/dl + ketosis
• >300 with or without ketosis

Question 5

When should you avoid exercising?

Answer 5

During peak insulin action

Question 6

What are dietary goals in DM for carbs, fat, and protein?

Answer 6

• Carbs: 130 grams
• Fat: Limit fat.
  
  • Sat fat <7% of total calories
  • Cholesterol <300 mg/day
  • Transfat reduced intake
• Protein: <20% of calories

Question 7

Why should protein be limited in DM to <20% of calories?

Answer 7

• Higher intake stresses the kidneys.
• Limiting it reduces microalbuminuria and overt nephropathy.

Question 8

What are sodium goals for DM?

Answer 8

≤ 2400 mg/day

Question 9

With carbs, it is important to educate patients about _____ and _____ so they know which ones raise their blood sugar more.

Answer 9

With carbs, it is important to educate patients about glycemic index and glycemic load so they know which ones raise their blood sugar more.

Question 10

What is recommended alcohol intake for men and women?

Answer 10

• Men: 2 or fewer
• Women: 1 or fewer

Question 11

Name 5 nonpharm treatment goals for DM.

Answer 11

1. Diet
2. Exercise
3. Prevention of infection:
   
   1. Flu vaccine (q yearly)
   2. Pneumovax (q 5 years)
4. Smoking cessation
5. Diabetes self-management education (DSME)

Question 12

Before exercising, should Type 1, Type 2, or both check their blood sugar?

Answer 12

Type 1