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NURP 502 - Ex 3 > 10: Adult Diarrhea/Constipation > Flashcards

10: Adult Diarrhea/Constipation Flashcards

1
Q

What dietary changes are made with diarrhea?

A
  • BRAT diet
  • Fluid replacement
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2
Q

Which type of constipation (primary, dietary, medication, metabolic, structural/functional, or psychological)?

Diabetes

A

Metabolic

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3
Q

Is this a bulk, stimulant, osmotic, or stool softener laxative?

Dulcolax

A

Stimulant

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4
Q

Which type of diarrhea (secretory, osmotic, exudative, or inflammatory)?

Caused by increase in secretion or decrease in absorption.

A

Secretory

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5
Q

Which type of diarrhea (secretory, osmotic, exudative, or inflammatory)?

Caused by colon cancer.

A

Inflammatory

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6
Q

Which type of diarrhea (secretory, osmotic, exudative, or inflammatory)?

Damage to the mucosal lining, which causes passive loss of fluids.

A

Inflammatory

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7
Q

Which type of constipation (primary, dietary, medication, metabolic, structural/functional, or psychological)?

Functional constipation that lasts >6 months without any other cause.

A

Primary (most common cause)

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8
Q

Which type of constipation (primary, dietary, medication, metabolic, structural/functional, or psychological)?

Fear of public restrooms.

A

Psychological

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9
Q

3 most common causative agents in traveler’s diarrhea?

A
  1. Salmonella
  2. E. coli
  3. Cryptosporidium
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10
Q

Is this a bulk, stimulant, osmotic, or stool softener laxative?

Milk of Magnesia

A

Osmotic

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11
Q

Which type of constipation (primary, dietary, medication, metabolic, structural/functional, or psychological)?

Side effect of drug or laxative abuse.

A

Medication

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12
Q

Is this a bulk, stimulant, osmotic, or stool softener laxative?

Lactulose

A

Osmotic

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13
Q

Is this a bulk, stimulant, osmotic, or stool softener laxative?

Maintain moisture in fecal material to prevent hardness.

A

Stool softener

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14
Q

4 definitions of constipation.

A
  1. Hard pebble-like feces.
  2. Infrequent bowel movements.
  3. Difficulty or pain with defecation.
  4. Sensation of incomplete defecation.
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15
Q

Is this a bulk, stimulant, osmotic, or stool softener laxative?

Psyllium

A

Bulk-forming

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16
Q

Is this a bulk, stimulant, osmotic, or stool softener laxative?

Simulate enteric nervous system promoting propulsive activity.

A

Stimulant

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17
Q

Which type of diarrhea (secretory, osmotic, exudative, or inflammatory)?

Caused by IBD and viral, bacterial, or parasitic infx.

A
  • Inflammatory
  • Exudative (severe infx)
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18
Q

Which type of constipation (primary, dietary, medication, metabolic, structural/functional, or psychological)?

Spinal cord lesions

A

Structural/Functional

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19
Q

What is the management plan for ABX-associated diarrhea?

A
  • Stool culture for C. diff
  • Metronidazole 500 mg PO TID or 250 mg QID or Vancomycin 125 mg PO QID
  • No need to reculture after treatment, as >50% will have +stool for up to 6 weeks.
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20
Q

Is this a bulk, stimulant, osmotic, or stool softener laxative?

Surfax

A

Stool softener

21
Q

Which type of constipation (primary, dietary, medication, metabolic, structural/functional, or psychological)?

Cystic fibrosis

22
Q

What 4 medications are used for diarrhea?

A
  1. Loperamide
  2. Lomotil without MAO inhibitors
  3. Pepto
  4. Keopectate
23
Q

Which type of diarrhea (secretory, osmotic, exudative, or inflammatory)?

Caused by lactose intolerance.

24
Q

Is this a bulk, stimulant, osmotic, or stool softener laxative?

Colace

A

Stool softener

25
Q

Is this a bulk, stimulant, osmotic, or stool softener laxative?

Polyethylene glycol (Miralax)

26
Q

Diarrhea is greater than _____ semisolid stools in a 24-hour period. It is considered pathological if it occurs for greater than _____ and/or symptoms are _____.

A

Diarrhea is greater than 3-4 semisolid stools in a 24-hour period. It is considered pathological if it occurs for greater than 7 days and/or symptoms are worsening.

27
Q

Which type of diarrhea (secretory, osmotic, exudative, or inflammatory)?

Caused by overingestion of sugar or salt.

28
Q

It is not recommended to use medication to stop diarrhea that is caused by _____.

A

It is not recommended to use medication to stop diarrhea that is caused by an infectious agent.

29
Q

Which type of constipation (primary, dietary, medication, metabolic, structural/functional, or psychological)?

Celiac disease

30
Q

Who is at the highest risk for traveler’s diarrhea?

A
  • Under 30 yo
  • Immunocompromised
31
Q

Which type of constipation (primary, dietary, medication, metabolic, structural/functional, or psychological)?

Intentional withholding (children).

A

Psychological

32
Q

Which type of diarrhea (secretory, osmotic, exudative, or inflammatory)?

Caused by celiac disease.

33
Q

Which type of diarrhea (secretory, osmotic, exudative, or inflammatory)?

Most common cause is cholera.

34
Q

Which type of constipation (primary, dietary, medication, metabolic, structural/functional, or psychological)?

Pelvic floor dysfunction.

A

Structural/Functional

35
Q

T/F Diarrhea is the most common cause of infant death worldwide.

36
Q

Is this a bulk, stimulant, osmotic, or stool softener laxative?

Mag citrate

37
Q

What is the formula for oral rehydration solution?

A
  • 8 oz water
  • 1 t of salt
  • 1 t of sugar
  • Zinc (if severely dehydrated)
38
Q

A patient took an ABX 5-10 days ago and presents with diarrhea. What is the likely culprit?

A

C. difficile: Occurs most often after administration of a broad spectrum antibiotic. Presents 5–10 days after antibiotic use; however, can occur up to 10 weeks after antibiotics. Presentation can be brief and self-limiting. Can result in pseudomembranous colitis with large amounts of diarrhea (+/- mucous).

39
Q

Which type of diarrhea (secretory, osmotic, exudative, or inflammatory)?

Stool is mixed with blood and/or pus.

40
Q

Diagnostics for constipation.

A
  • CBC
  • Chemistries
  • Sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy
  • Radiographic:
    • KUB
    • Barium enema
    • Anal manometry
41
Q

Which type of constipation (primary, dietary, medication, metabolic, structural/functional, or psychological)?

Direct sequalae of food that patient eats.

42
Q

Is this a bulk, stimulant, osmotic, or stool softener laxative?

Stimulates peristalsis and absorbs water from intestines.

A

Bulk-forming

43
Q

Which type of constipation (primary, dietary, medication, metabolic, structural/functional, or psychological)?

Hypothyroidism

44
Q

Which type of constipation (primary, dietary, medication, metabolic, structural/functional, or psychological)?

Hypercalcemia

45
Q

Is this a bulk, stimulant, osmotic, or stool softener laxative?

Bran

A

Bulk-forming

46
Q

Is this a bulk, stimulant, osmotic, or stool softener laxative?

Docusate

A

Stool softener

47
Q

Is this a bulk, stimulant, osmotic, or stool softener laxative?

Increase fluid volume of stool by pulling water from other areas of the body.

48
Q

Which type of diarrhea (secretory, osmotic, exudative, or inflammatory)?

Occurs when too much water is secreted into the intestine.

NURP 502 - Ex 3 (37 decks)

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