8. Neoplasia I - What is a Neoplasm? Flashcards
Define malignant neoplasm
An abnormal growth of cells that persists after the initial stimulus is removed which also invades surrounding tissue with potential to spread to different sites
Define neoplasm
An abnormal growth of cells that persists after the initial stimulus is removed
Define tumour
Any detectable lump or swelling
Define cancer
Malignant neoplasm that has spread to a new non contiguous site
Define dysplasia
Reversible pre neoplastic tissue disorganisation
What are the features of a benign neoplasm?
Confined site of origin
Pushing outer margin
What are the features of a malignant neoplasm?
Potential to metastasise
Irregular outline
Necrosis/ulceration
How well differentiated are benign tumour cells and what does this mean?
They are well differentiated hence they closely resemble the parent tissue
What is the term used to describe poorly differentiated malignant tumour cells that bare no resemblance to their parent tissue?
Anaplastic
What are the microscopic features of cells as they have worsening differentiation?
Increased nuclear size
Increased nuclear to cytoplasm ratio
Increased nuclear staining (hyperchromasia)
More mitosis figures
Increased variation in size and shape of cells and nuclei (pleomorphism)
What are initiators?
Mutagenic agents
What do promoters do?
Cause cell proliferation
What gene was studied to prove that cancers are monoclonal and what is the gene’s inheritance pattern?
G6PDH gene
X linked
What properties do the different isoenzymes produced by the G6PDH enzyme show?
Heat labile and heat stable
In neoplasms what has happened the the protooncogenes?
Abnormally activated forming oncogenes
