7. Cellular Adaptations Flashcards
Define regeneration of tissues
Replacement of cell losses by identical cells to maintain tissue or organ size
What is the most critical checkpoint in the cell cycle?
The R (restriction) point at the end of G1
Define hypertrophy
Increase in tissue or organ size due to an increase in cell size
State two physiological and two pathological causes of hypertrophy
Physiological - skeletal muscle making gains and the pregnant uterus
Pathological - ventricular hypertrophy and bladder hypertrophy
Define hyperplasia
Increase in tissue or organ size due to increased cell numbers
Name a pathological endocrine condition that results in hyperplasia
Thyroid goitre
Define atrophy
Shrinkage of a tissue or organ size due to an acquired decrease in size and/or number of cells
Define metaplasia
Reversible change of one differentiated cell type to another
Define aplasia
Complete failure of a tissue to develop
Define involution
Normal programmed shrinkage of an organ
Name an organ that undergoes involution in both males and females
The thymus
Define atresia
A congenital defect where no orifice/lumen forms
Define dysplasia
Reversible abnormal organisation of cells
Pre neoplastic
