2. Acute Inflammation Flashcards
Name 5 causes of acute inflammation
Microbial infections Hypersensitivity reactions Physical agents Chemicals Tissue necrosis
What is acute inflammation?
The response of living tissue to injury
Initiated to limit tissue damage
Name the five features of acute inflammation
Rubor - Red Tumor - Swelling Calor - Heat Dolor - Pain Loss of function
What happens to blood vessels during acute inflammation?
Capillaries dilate
Gaps form in endothelium of tunica intima
Exudation - vessels become more leaky
What is the response of neutrophils in acute inflammation?
Margination - neutrophils adhere to endothelial cells
Emigration - migrate through the vessel basement membrane
What are the chemical mediators that cause vasodilation?
Histamine
Prostaglandins
C3a
C5a
What are the chemical mediators that increase vascular permeability?
Histamine
Leukotrienes
Prostaglandins
Kinins
What chemical mediators cause neutrophil chemotaxis?
C5a
LTB4
Bacterial peptides
What chemical mediator causes phagocytosis?
C3b
What is the oxygen dependant method neutrophils use to destroy pathogens?
Using super oxides
What are the 4 things that can occur after acute inflammation?
Complete resolution
Continued acute inflammation with chronic inflammation abscess
Chronic inflammation and fibrous repair
Death
Name 3 examples of acute inflammations
Skin blister
Abscess
Pericarditis
What is hereditary angio oedema?
Deficiency of C1 inhibitor leaves bradykinin also uninhibited
Bradykinin vastly increases permeability of endothelia leading to oedema
What is chronic granulomatous disease?
Recessive x linked diseases where phagocytes can’t form reactive oxidative species hence can’t kill some bacteria
Granulomas formed in an attempt to contain the bacteria
