8- Health promotion Review (1-9) Flashcards
What occured in 1986 in regards to health promotion?
Ottawa Charter for health promotion which is the Canadian framework for health promotion
What are the 5 actions areas for health promotion?
- Build healthy public policy
- Create supportive environments
- Strengthen community action
- Develop personal skills
- Reorienting health services
What are the key values of health promotion?
1.) Empowerment
2.) Social justice and equity
3.) Inclusion
4.) Respect
What are the different ways in which health promotion can be conducted?
- Participatory approaches
- Holistic view of health
- Focus on determinants of health
What are 3 approaches that are used as a health status indicator?
- Societal level policies: aims to affect the health of the entire population
- Mass population interventions: lower average level of risk in populations by removing risk factors
- High-risk interventions: focus on high risk interventions to determine risk status, targets a specific subset of populations
What is health promotion?
This is the focus on enabling people to take control of their health.
What is population health?
It is the focuses on interventions that will benefit an entire population
What are the similarities of health promotion and population health?
That both acknowledge the social, physical, biological aspects influencing health
What are the 4 steps of disease prevention?
- Primordial prevention
- Primary prevention
- Secondary prevention
- Tertiary prevention
What is primordial prevention?
To eliminate predisposing risk factors (plaque control, removal of calculus etc.)
What is primary prevention?
Prevent the occurrence of disease (lack of dental IQ, education etc.)
What is secondary prevention?
To slow the progress of disease and eliminate (Dental hygiene therapy, maintaining adequate homecare)
What is tertiary prevention?
To stop the progression of established disease
What is health promotion?
To focus on the strengths and assets and all aspects of health
What is Disease prevention?
To focus on risk factors
What are the similarities between health promotion and disease prevention?
That both want to prevent the occurrence of disease
What is harm reduction?
Focuses on high risk behaviour affecting health
In what year did the Canada Health Act occur?
1969: where universal access to healthcare for all Canadians have occurred.
What are the 5 different levels of the ecological framework?
1.) Individuals
2.) Interpersonal
3.) Organizations
4.) Community
5.) Public policy/societal laws and policies
What are the 3 models of health?
1.) Biomedical
2.) Behavioural
3.) Socio-environmental
What is perceived susceptibility?
It is when an individual believes that they are more likely to experience a disease that may be more inclined to make change.
What is the health belief model?
It is the behaviour that can be understood if beliefs about health are clear
What is the social cognitive theory?
It is what works to address the underlying social determinants of health behaviour. It is dynamic interaction between a person, behaviours and the environment in which behaviour is performed.
What are the 4 stages of theory of organizational change
1.) Awareness raising
2.) Adoption
3.) Implementation
4.) Institutionalization
What is the organizational development theory tailored for DH’s process of care?
1.) Diagnosis
2.) Action planning
3.) Implementation
4.) Evaluation
What are the 3 concepts of organizational theory?
1.) Organizational climate
2.) Organizational culture
3.) Organizational capacity
What are 3 key tasks to Rothman’s framework?
1.) Social planning
2.) Locality development
3.) Social action
True or False, Healthy public policy refers to policies made exclusively within the health sector
False
What are the role of a healthy public policy?
- They are made to address issues led by public authority
- increase/limit behaviour in a population
- Improve conditions under which people live
- Designed to promote health and health equity
- Spans different sectors transport, housing education
What are the 3 different models of the agenda building theory?
1.) Outside initiative
2.) Inside initiative
3.) Mobilization model
What is outside initiative?
When you have the policy on the public agenda first, community and population and bring it to the attention to government
What is inside initiative?
When you have policy idea surrounding health in their agenda. It doesn’t involve the large public
What is mobilization model?
They are policies made by the government. Public support is pursued. Trying to mobilize certain initiatives
What are the multiple streams theory?
Politics: Election, platforms, political mood
Problems: Issues within different political domains
Policy: Solutions, science and information and information are needed to address policy
What is the advocacy coalition framework?
This is a focus on the policy subsystem.
The agents from different sectors work together for a considerable period of time.
It has shared values but it may need to negotiate more secondary beliefs such as how to impact change
What is the different between health communication vs. health education?
Health communication is more population-focused while health education is more individualized patient care (1 on 1)
What is persuasive communication?
It encourages audiences to change their behaviour
What is media advocacy?
It is the use of MASS MEDIA to advance a social or public policy initiative to ultimately change policyW
What is interactive health communication?
WEB-BASED to aid with skill building or support the maintenance of a behaviour
What is risk communication?
It is the exchange of information that discusses the severity of health or environmental risks.
What is entertainment education?
It is the targeting audience with stories that feature educational information in order to promote various health outcomes.
What is community development?
- They are problems identified by the community in which they have more control in planning and development in response to the problem
- Community participation
What is community mobilization?
- It is a problem identified by outsider
- Less control by the community
- Outside agency looks for solutions
- Community participation
What is the grassroots theory of change?
It is a form of advocacy in which anyone can initiate or influence change.
Power is the key determinant (helps influence government for change)
How can people create change in grassroots theory of change?
Through capacity building, awareness raising, and training.
What are the 4 domains in Carlisle’s conceptualization of health care advocacy?
1.) Community activism
2.) Social policy reform
3.) Community development
4.) Representation
What are 8 steps of advocacy model?
1.) Create a sense of urgency
2.) Create the guiding coalition
3.) Create a vision for change
4.) communicate the vision
5.) Enable action and remove obstacles
6.) Generate short-term wins
7.) Build on the change by setting timely and realistic goals
8.) Anchor the change in the culture
What is intersectoral collaboration?
It is the cooperation amongst multiple sectors. They clearly define the problem and share a shared vision amongst the sectors.
What are examples of intersectoral collaboration?
Health, university and government sectors collaborating on health issues affecting students in post-secondary
