12- Program development planning, implementation, evaluation Flashcards
What is community assessment?
It is the routine, systematic collection, and analysis of data regarding the health of the community.
It involves conducting needs assessment, including statistics on health and status/trends
What is surveillance?
It is the continual collection of data on health outcomes, risk factors and intervention strategies for the whole population or representative samples of a population
What is the purpose of a community assessment?
It helps us identify factors that affect oral health
It helps determine the availability of resources and interventions
What does programing planning encompass?
It encompasses multiple things such as:
1.) Mission
2.) Goals
3.) Objectives
4.) Interventions
5.) Activities
6.) Timeline
7.) Budget
What is an assets-oriented approach?
It is what strengths exist in the community - existing funds, workforce, materials, facilities
What is a deficiency-based approach?
Focuses on what you don’t have/limits - what problems exist/difficult to look at the big picture
What is a mission statement?
It is a single statement of the BROAD, the overarching purpose of the program’s existence.
To + directional statement + quality of life/category of service areas + target group
to improve the oral health of school aged children in Beaverlodge
What are program goals?
they are multiple, broad statements of desired long-term or short-term changes that will address identified needs if achieved
It is MORE SPECIFIC than the mission statement.
To + directional statement + need area + target population
to decrease decay in elementary school children in Beaverlodge
What are program objectives?
- Guide the program interventions, with an outcome focus
- Often have multiple objectives for each goal
To + directional statement + changed in client or environment + target population
to decrease consumption of sugary snacks by 50% in schools by the end of the school year
What is program intervention?
It is task-oriented and matched to goals and identifies what the program will provide
to + action term + units of service + target population
e.g: to conduct annual oral health screenings at all elementary schools in Beaverlodge
What are the 4 types of program interventions?
1.) Educational
2.) Direct service
3.) Organizational
4.) Power
What are program activities?
2 different types:
Direct and indirect activities
Direct: steps involved in the ACTUAL delivery of the intervention
Indirect: the “behind-the-scenes” steps needed to ensure delivery of the intervention (supportive steps)
How does program failure occur?
Occurs due to inadequate funding + lack of resources
What is the implementation phase?
It is the area where we are incorporating our improvement strategies to include in our policy.
What is the 1st rule of implementation?
Clearly specify the program objectives and identify the chosen strategy
What is the 2nd rule of implementation?
Be sure that someone is responsible for the whole activity and coordinates individuals who may carry out the different tasks
What is the 3rd rule of implementation?
Identify all the preparatory steps prior to doing that activity
What is the 4th rule of implementation?
List the steps in the order in which they occur
What is the 5th rule of implementation?
Identify any missing steps
What is the 6th rule of implementation?
Determine when each step should behind and end (calendar and timeline)
What is the 7th rule of implementation?
Check your dates to be sure the correct amount of time has been allotted.
What is the 8th rule of implementation?
Consult with organization affected by the activity
What is the 9th rule of implementation?
Specify what resources will be needed and their source
What is the 10th rule of implementation?
Specify what constraints will need to be addressed
What is the 11th rule of implementation?
Make sure all the people involved know what is expected of them and by when
what is the difference between general needs and targeted needs?
General needs is a process of identifying exists and what is missing in the programs, gaps in the curriculum
Targeted needs is applying the knowledge of what is needed in the general needs assessment to a particular subset of individuals or category of individuals.
What are the 3 primary barriers for access to care?
1.) Cost
2.) Geographical location
3.) Mobility restriction
What is the purpose of a program evaluation?
It is to assess the benefit of the program. To determine if this is something that we may want to continue and if this is something that is actually doing what they are intending to do.
In program evaluation, what is define as input?
They are known as the program resources, for example the financial resources.
In program evaluation, what is defined as transformation?
They are the activities: implementation portion of the program
In program evaluation, what is defined as the output?
They are the end results that we are trying to achieve
In program evaluation, what is defined as feedback?
They are the pieces that help us modify the programs.
What is program evaluation?
It is the systematic collection of information about the activities, characteristics, and outcomes of programs to make judgments about the program, improve program effectiveness, and/or inform decisions about future program development.
What are the characteristics needed for an evaluation?
- Needs to be practical
- Needs to be completed within the confined of certain resources
- completed in a timely manner
- serve a purpose
- conducted ethically (can be assessed a bit better than false findings)
Why is evaluation of health programs necessary?
-To monitor the progress towards the program’s goals
- if desired progress is being produced
- Allow comparisons among different groups
- determine if further support is needed
- to find opportunities for continuous quality improvement
- to ensure effective programs are maintained and resources are not wasted on ineffective programs
What are 4 evaluation standards?
1.) Utility
2.) Feasibility
3.) Propriety
4.) Accuracy
What is utility?
- it serves the information needs of intended users. To determine who’s needs are the evaluation going to serve
What is feasibility?
To determine if there is a realistic way to evaluate the program. If there are realistic given the time and resources.
What is propriety?
If they are legal, ethical
What is accuracy?
It reveals technically accurate information.
What are stakeholders?
They are anyone who the policy affects. Anyone who has some sort of investment in the program. They can be involved in the design of the policy or maybe simply through information
What are the 3 major groups (stakeholders) for the evaluation of public health programs?
- Individuals involved in program operations
- Those served or affected by the program
- Those who are intended users of the evaluation findings
Why are indicators important for gathering evidence?
Because they translate general concepts of the program into specific measurable parts
Why are sources of evidence/methods of data collection important?
Because it helps measure indicators. Primary (directly from the source) or secondary (from multiple research) can be used to determine the sources.
What is quality of evidence?
It is evidence that is reliable, valid and informative
What is quantity of evidence?
How much data is being collected
Determining what the sample size would be
Why is understanding the logistics important in gathering evidence?
Because it clearly outlines procedures involved for evidence gathering.
Why is justification of our evaluation needed in our evaluation?
It helps analyze the evidence, make claims about the program, justify the claims by comparing with stakeholder values.
What can we do with the results of our evaluation?
- Can demonstrate the effectiveness of our program
- Can identify ways to improve the program
- can modify program planning
- can demonstrate accountability
- can justify funding
What types of evaluation designs are most commonly performed?
Outcomes/impacts
What is an example of direct service intervention?
A program for example: nutritional breakfast programs to low-income students.
