10 - Leadership + Program Assessment

Question 1

What is leadership?

Answer 1

It is the social exchange between leaders and followers based on a shared vision or goal

Question 2

Define leadership style

Answer 2

It is how an individual within an organization influences and facilitates actions to contribute to the achievement of an organization’s purpose/vision

Question 3

What are some characteristics of a leader?

Answer 3

They are great communicators
Can goal set
Are visionaries
Are resilient
Are role models (lead by example)

Question 4

What is community leadership?

Answer 4

They are often leaders that take responsibility for the well-being and improvement of their communities. They are often self-appointed.

Question 5

What are qualities of a community leader?

Answer 5

1.) Integrity
2.) Courage
3.) Commitment
4.) Ability to care about others
5.) Creativity and flexibility

Question 6

What is an Autocratic leader?

Answer 6

• They are leaders that have CONCENTRATED power at the top where the leader makes all the decisions.
• Limited communication with followers or the organization as a whole (one-way communication)
• Often maintains authority by force, intimidation, threats, reward and punishment, or position
• Not concerned about achieving agreement with the organization

Question 7

What are the effects on an organization with an autocratic leadership?

Answer 7

• They often invoke fear and mistrust
• Others in the organization tend to distrust others’ ideas and motives
• Communication tends to go in only one direction.

Question 8

What are the effects on an organization with a managerial leadership?

Answer 8

• The staff members don’t have to worry about ambiguity
• Fosters friendly relationships with and among staff to help organization run better

Question 9

What is a managerial style of leadership?

Answer 9

• Concerned primarily with the running of the organization
• They pay attention to forming and maintaining relationships with and among staff members
• Their main focus is strengthening the organization’s systems and infrastructure and ensuring day-to-day operations go well
• Limited vision and actions focus on maintaining the status quo

Question 10

What is a democratic style of leadership?

Answer 10

• It understands that there is no organization without its people
• They communicate with others in the organization based on their responsibilities
• Consults others in decision-making
• Values others’ opinions but recognizes the ultimate responsibility for decision-making

Question 11

What are the effects on the organization in a democratic leadership style?

Answer 11

-It emphasizes equal status and encourages friendships and good relationships throughout the organization.
- It helps people feel valued when their opinions are solicited, and even more so if those opinions are incorporated into a final decision or policy

Question 12

What is a collaborative leadership style?

Answer 12

• Attempts to involve everyone in the organization in leadership
• Initiates discussion, identifies problems or issues that need to be addressed and keeps track of the organization as a whole
• Decisions are made through a collaborative process of discussion to achieve either a majority or consensus agreement

Question 13

What are the effects on the organization of a collaborative leadership style?

Answer 13

• Ensures that members of the organization buy into its vision and decisions since they are directly involved in creating them

Question 14

What is a servant leader?

Answer 14

They are leaders that ensure the needs of others are served first.

Question 15

What are multiplier in leadership styles?

Answer 15

They utilize the intelligence of people in a team to help grow the team.

Question 16

What are some of the characteristics of a multiplier leadership style?

Answer 16

1.) Attracts and optimizes the talents of an individual
2.) Requires best thinking practices
3.) Extends challenges
4.) Debates decisions
5.) Instill accountability

Question 17

What are the positive and negatives of being in a leadership role?

Answer 17

• More control in the process of decision making.
• Advocating a position
• A role model
• Have this level of expertise and knowledge base
• More autonomy to make decisions

Question 18

What are the negatives of being in a leadership role?

Answer 18

• Subject to criticism
• More accountable
• More demanding of our time
• External challenges as a leader

Question 19

What are the external challenges of leadership?

Answer 19

1.) Issues as lack of funding and resources in an organization
2.) Opposition from forces in the community
3.) Interpersonal problems within the organization
4.) Social, economic, and political forces in the larger can affect the organization as well.

Question 20

What are the internal challenges of leadership?

Answer 20

1.) Fear
2.) Lack of confidence
3.) Impatience
4.) Intolerance

Question 21

What are the challenges arising from leadership itself?

Answer 21

• They have great demands on people; one person often takes the largest part of the burden of an organization
• Challenges to motivate people in an organization
• Preventing the organization from stagnating when it’s progressing and doing well.

Question 22

What are the 3 interacting elements of leadership?

Answer 22

1.) Leader
2.) Follower
3.) Situation

Question 23

What are the 4 numerous leadership styles that can be applied in the healthcare field?

Answer 23

1.) Laissez-faire
2.) Transactional
3.) Transformational
4.) Authentic

Question 24

What is laissez-faire leaderships?

Answer 24

• They are a subtype of the passive-avoidant leadership style
• Leaders have a hands-off approach and allow others the freedom to work with minimal interference of direction

Question 25

What is transactional leadership?

Answer 25

• They are an achievement-oriented leadership style that is task-focused
• believes employees/peers are motivated by rewards and punishments
• Provides clear roles, goals, and task requirements

Question 26

What is transformational leadership?

Answer 26

• Focused on the relationships between the leaders and employees and improving their work-related experiences

Question 27

What are the 4 components of a transformational leadership?

Answer 27

1.) Idealized influence
2.) Inspirational motivation
3.) Intellectual stimulation
4.) Individualized consideration

Question 28

What is distributed leadership?

Answer 28

• It is leadership practices that are shared.
• It highlights importance of social and relational capabilities in health care.

Question 29

What are the 2 types of distributed leadership?

Answer 29

1.) Collective distributed leadership
2.) Co-performing distributed leadership

Question 30

What is collective distributed leadership?

Answer 30

It is leadership that is dispersed among many teams or organizational members

Question 31

What is co-performing distributed leadership?

Answer 31

It is leadership with SPECIFIC units of people collaborating in terms of plans, decisions and actions

Question 32

Which stage of the model (Dental Hygiene Process of care model) involves the collection of information and data? (ADPIE)

Answer 32

A for Assessment

Question 33

What is an assessment?

Answer 33

• It is a routine, systematic collection, and analysis of data regarding the health of the community
• Involves:
  conducing needs assessment, including statistics on health status and trends.

Question 34

What is surveillance?

Answer 34

It is the continual collection of data on health outcomes, risk factors and intervention strategies for the whole population or representative samples of a population

Question 35

What is the purpose of a community assessment?

Answer 35

• It is to identify factors that affect oral health
• To determine the availability of resources and interventions

Question 36

What is an assets-oriented approach?

Answer 36

It is looking at the strengths that exist in a community. It is looking at the positive outlook of things
E.g: existing funding, workforce, materials and facilities.

Question 37

What is a deficiency-based approach?

Answer 37

It is the focus on what you don’t have/limits to. What problems exist/difficult to look at the big picture

Question 38

What occurs briefly in the Phase 1 of the assessment process ?

Answer 38

The formation of community partnerships between agencies and organizations to collaborate (includes interdisciplinary collaboration with a community)

The intent to have champions during the assessment process to provide input, data, representation and broaden the scope of approaches of the assessment

Question 39

What is empowerment?

Answer 39

It is the involvement of inclusion, taking control and making decisions that are affecting them, more likely to mobilize, and give them the right tools and knowledge to make better decisions.

Question 40

What is the mechanism for community mobilization?

Answer 40

Active involvement (input and dialogue) - the procedures that allow for feedback

Question 41

What is an advisory committee?

Answer 41

They are responsible to plan and conduct the needs assessment. They are responsible for including a cross-section of partners/stakeholders from the community.

Question 42

What is in phase 2 of the assessment process?

Answer 42

It is the concept of conducting a self-assessment:
- to identify goals and purposes of the community assessment
- to understand why the community is conducting an assessment
- define what the community hopes to achieve
- to determine what will be gained from a needs assessment process

Question 43

What is in phase 3 of the assessment process?

Answer 43

Where we design and organize the needs assessment. It is a comprehensive health assessment involving different types, sources and levels of information/evidence

Works in conjunction with Phase 2 as it guides what information to collect and how to gather the information.

Question 44

What is in the phase 4 of the assessment process?

Answer 44

It is obtaining existing data from multiple sources such as:
- government agencies/private and nonprofit organizations
- local reports, literature reviews, magazines
- previous assessments that been conducted in the community

types of data can be quantitative or qualitative
Use of either primary or secondary data

Question 45

What is involved in phase 5 of the assessment process?

Answer 45

It involves analyzing and validating the data interpretations:
1.) Organizing all data by topic
2.) Critique each data source (limitations or any errors/potential biases)
3.) Synthesize and summarize findings
4.) Compare with other data
5.) Any significance to the data? does the information truly reflect that a problem exists in the community?

Question 46

What is involved in phase 6 of the assessment process?

Answer 46

• Involves actually prioritizing the issues: influenced in part by resources/actively involving community partners in this process
• Decide where to target the resources
• raise awareness of what the public wants to see as important
  -increase public’s understanding of the oral health issue
• Share with government officials. community based dental clinics, community leaders about the oral health issue

Question 47

What is involved in phase 7 of the assessment process?

Answer 47

• To determine if the goals of the needs assessment were met.

Questions asked in this phase are:
-are there any improvements that can be made to the needs assessment process for the future?

• Did problems arise in the assessment process that should be addressed in future assessments?

Question 48

What is summative evaluation?

Answer 48

Summary at the end - lessons learned for future health assessments, loops back to phase 2 and continuous assessment piece to help improve assessment

Question 49

What is formative evaluation?

Answer 49

It is throughout assessment, ongoing, systematically looking at the program.